Western Economics Glossary Series (401-450)
401, Final goods to end-use final product
not sold or further processed products. (See > 402, Financial economics Financial Economics
a branch of economics. of how rational investors the most efficient use of capital and investment to achieve the goal.
403, Financial intermediary Financial intermediation
accept deposits deposits and lend to borrowers of their bodies. including deposit-taking institution (such as commercial banks and savings banks) and non-depository institutions (such as money market mutual funds, brokerage firms, insurance companies or pension funds).
404, Firm (business firm) firms
(enterprises) in the basic economic system of private production units. it hired labor, the purchase of other inputs to produce and sell goods.
405, Fiscal-monetary mix fiscal - monetary policy mix < br> to interfere with the activities of macroeconomic fiscal and monetary policy mix. tight monetary policy and loose fiscal policy, tend to encourage consumption and curb investment. The loose monetary policy and tight fiscal policies, has the opposite effect.
406, Fiscal policy fiscal policy
a government program. Contents include: (1) the purchase of goods and services and transfer payments and other expenses; (2) the number and types of taxes.
407, Fiscal cost fixed costs fixed costs
see (cost, fixed).
408, Fixed exchange rate foreign exchange rate fixed exchange rate
see (foreign exchangs rate).
409, Flexible exchange rates flexible exchange rate system < br> an international exchange rate system. under the conditions of the system, the exchange rate mainly by market forces (ie supply and demand) decisions, the Government does not set up and maintain a particular exchange rate. sometimes referred to as (floating
exchange rates). When the foreign exchange market without government intervention, the system as a purely floating exchange rate system.
410, Floating exchange rates floating exchange rate system
see flexible exchange rate system (flexible exchange rates).
411, Flow vs. stock
traffic flow and the stock is, with a time span or the said period on a cumulative change in the volume (like a river flow through). stock refers, at a certain point in time the value of a variable (as in the Sheng lake water). income inflow of dollars each year on behalf of, and therefore is a flow. By December 1998 until the person wealth is a stock.
412, Foreign exchange currency
States to pay the debts owed to his country's currency (or other financial instruments).
413, Foreign exchange market foreign exchange market
different countries to trade the currency market.
414, Foreign exchange rate currency exchange rate
a country with other countries or currency exchange rates, saying the price. For example, if you can use $ 1 to buy 19 German marks, then mark The exchange rate is 19. If a country a currency exchange rate peg, and ready to defend the exchange rate, called the country to implement a fixed exchange rate system (fixed
ex-change rate). but by market forces to determine the exchange rate as flexible exchange rate system (flexible exchange rates) o
415, Fourfirm concentration rate
see four business concentration concentration (concentration ratio).
416, Fractional-reserve banking fractional reserve
modern banking system, banking system, a control form. shall require the financial institutions it absorbed a certain percentage of deposits to the central bank (or cash) in the form of retained reserves.
417, Free goods Free goods
not an economic product (economic
goods) items. such as air or water, they are abundant in the world, among those who do not need to ration demand. Thus, the market price of these items is zero .
418, Free trade
government does not adopt free trade tariffs, quotas or other form of intervention in international trade policy.
419, Frictional unemployment frictional unemployment
changes in the market caused by the individual temporary unemployment. For example, inexperienced workers to take time to compare and select a different job opportunities; and even experienced workers often need to spend a little time to work transition. frictional unemployment is different from the cyclical unemployment (cyclical
unemployment ), which is in wages and prices were sticky conditions, due to the low level of aggregate demand caused.
420, Full employment full employment
multiple meanings of a term. historically been used for Description does not exist (or only minimal presence) in case of involuntary unemployment level of employment. Today, economists at the lowest sustainable unemployment rate [lowest
sustainable rate of unemployment (LSUR)] to describe the highest long-term sustainability can be employment levels.
421, Gains from trade trade trade increased profits
voluntary aggregate of the benefits. equal to consumer surplus and producer surplus of and.
422, Galloping inflation, inflation sharply
See Inflation (inflation).
423, Game theory Game theory
conflict of interest on the part of at least two or more analysis of the situation in which decision-makers. In addition to bargaining for the strike, as well as competition and war and other conflicts, but also can be used for the analysis of oligopolistic market interaction.
424, General-equilibrium analysis of general equilibrium analysis
analysis of overall economic equilibrium, when all the goods and services markets are also in equilibrium. corresponding partial equilibrium analysis (partial-equilibrium
analysis), only the equilibrium of a single market.
425, GDP deflator GDP deflator
GDP Index used to measure the components of GDP relative to the base year average price.
426, GDP gap GDP gap in potential GDP and actual GDP
the difference or gap.
427, GNP GNP
See gross national product (gloss national product)
428, Gold standard full standard system
refers to a system: one country (1) announced that its currency with a certain weight of gold equivalent; (2) holding gold reserves, and according to the price announced by the free trading of gold; (3) the import and export of gold without any restrictions.
429, Government debt to government debt securities and short-term borrowing
form of government debt total. In addition to the quasi-governmental agencies (such as the central bank) bonds held outside the general government debt held by the public.
430, Goverment expenditure multiplier multiplier
government spending and government procurement spending by one dollar for each additional GDP due to the increment.
431, Graduated income tax progressive income tax
see personal income tax (income tax, personal).
432, Gresham `s Law by Thomas Gresham's Law
b Gresham Sir (Sir Thomas
Gresham, Elizabeth Wang Yishi British consultant) was first proposed in 1558 he published part of the harbor doubts, they will be , nominal (or nominal GDP)
nominal GDP (or nominal GDP)
at current market prices produced by a country within a year the value of all final output.
434, Gross domestic product, real real gross domestic product (real GDP)
considered to be net of inflation and the GDP, that is, a nominal GDP divided by real GDP GDP deflator.
435, Gross national product, nominal nominal GNP (or nominal GNP)
based on current market prices of a country to use all of its elements produced by the value of final goods and services.
436, Gross national product, real real gross domestic product ( actual GNP)
for inflation to be deducted and GNP, that is, a nominal GNP divided by the actual GNP GNP deflator.
437, Growth accounting estimate growth accounting
different elements of economic growth contribution to the level of analysis. With the marginal productivity theory, growth accounting decomposition of the source of output growth for the labor, land, capital, education, technical knowledge and other factors.
438, Hedging Hedging With
hedging transactions to avoid risky investment technology. For example, if a farm wheat planted in the fall harvest, the farmers in the spring or summer to first sell the same amount of wheat and output to offset the risk of price fluctuations. or say, to achieve hedging.
439, High-powered money base money energy currency
see (monetary base).
440, Horizontal equity vs.vertical equity horizontal equity and vertical equity refers to the horizontal equity
: Similar to the situation of the people to give equal or fair treatment, emphasizing the basic situation is the same person should receive the same treatment. vertical equity means that: the situation of different people should be given equal treatment.
441, Horizontal
integration horizontal integration of vertical integration and horizontal integration, see (integration, vertical vs. horizontal).
442, Horizontal merger and well
see horizontal mergers (merger).
443, Human capital Human Capital
a country from the labor and technical knowledge and skills embodied in the stock, from formal education and job training investments.
444, Hyperinflation Hyperinflation
see inflation (inflation).
445 , Imperfect competition Imperfect competition Imperfect competition
see (competition, imperfect).
446, Imperfect competitor competitors
incomplete purchases or sales can affect the price level where the market vendors.
447, Implicit-cost elements
hidden costs, although not the dominant factor the cost of money (explicit money
costs), but should be treated as dominant as the cost of money to be accounted for the costs (such as small shop owners in the labor costs). hidden costs is sometimes referred to as , Inappropriability not see the distribution of
not allocated (inappropriable).
450, Inappropriable
not be used to describe the personal use of the allocation of the cost of zero, or personal costs are lower than the total social cost of resources. the characteristics of these resources is a externalities. Therefore, from a social point of view, non-market allocation of the resource efficiency.
compilation of the Western Economics Glossary (451-500)
the following reply before they can browse only
451 , Incidence (or tax incidence) destination, a tax or taxes the final destination of
the financial burden of persons (corresponding to the legal taxpayers). For example, sales tax paid by retailers on the surface, but in fact most of the tax There may be passed on to consumers. tax incidence in the final analysis depends on the price elasticity of supply and demand.
452, Income income individuals or countries, a period of time (usually one year) of the new wages, interest, dividends and other revenue traffic.
453, Income effect (of a price change) (price change) income effect
changes in commodity prices will cause consumers to changes in real income and thus will lead to demand for the goods volume change. the income effect of price changes is the substitution effect of price changes (substitution
effect) as a supplement.
454, Income elasticity of demand income elasticity of demand
demand for any given item not only by the price of the item, but also by the income of the purchaser. income elasticity of demand for goods used to measure the sensitivity of income. Its precise definition is: the percentage change in demand divided by the percentage change in income. [See the price elasticity of demand (price
elasticity of demand)].
455, Income statement of a company's income statement
statements, reports a period of time (usually one year) or the sales revenue proceeds received, the reasonable cost of goods sold, as well as the profit remaining after excluding the cost (net income). also known as the income statement (profit-and-loss
statement).
456, Income tax, negative
see the negative income tax negative income tax (egative income tax).
457, Income tax, personal income tax
tax levied on personal income. income includes wages, salaries, or rents, dividends, interest and other assets income. In the United States, personal income tax to a progressive system (graduated), the high income tax rate is higher than the average low-income people.
458, Income velocity of money turnover rate of monetary income
see the money flow rate ( velocity of money).
459, Incomes policy income policy
to directly limit wage and price policy changes to slow inflation. include various forms: from the voluntary wage-price guide, to the wages, salaries and legal control prices directly, and so on.
460, Increasing returns to scale of increasing returns to scale
see returns to scale (returns to scale).
461, Independent goods independent product
demand independent of each other items. More precisely, other conditions, if the prices of goods A change had no effect on the demand for item B, then we call A, B are independent goods.
462, Indexing (or indexation) index of
a mechanism to: wages, prices and contracts with changes in the general price level for the partial or complete adjustment to offset the price level (partial or total) effects of changes.
463, Indifference curve Indifference Curve
the two axes represent the consumption of different items within the plane coordinates of a curve. the line every point (for two different combinations of items) for the given exactly the same as the utility of consumer satisfaction.
464, indifference map indifference curve
family painted a consumer indifference curve graph. This family of curves is usually in the top right of the origin, the farther away from the origin to meet the higher level or levels.
465, Indirect taxes Indirect taxes
see direct taxes (direct taxes).
466, Induced variables lead to variable caused
see exogenous variable and the variable (external vs. induced variables).
467, Industry Industry < br> produce similar or identical products, a series of enterprises.
468, Inertial rate of inflation inertia
a constant inflation rate of inflation process. When people expect inflation to continue, and the current the rate of inflation reflected in the people and the formation of a contract among the expected time, the inertia of inflation can occur.
469, Infant industry
infant industries in foreign trade theory, that has a scale not yet economic experience or expertise required for the industry. to successfully produce the same goods with foreign countries to compete with mature industries, such experience or expertise is required. infant industries in their development process, usually tariffs or quotas that need to be given protection o
470, Inferior goods goods or inferior goods
low consumption rises with income falling objects.
471, Inflation (or inflation rate) inflation (or inflation rate) < br> inflation rate refers to the general price level of the annual growth percentage. Hyperinflation (hyperinflation) refers to the case of very high inflation rates (for example, one thousand percent per year, one million percent or even one billion percent) . rapid inflation (galloping
inflation) fifty percent of each year, a hundred or two hundred of the situation. moderate inflation (moderate
inflation) is not a serious distortion refers to the relative price or income price increases.
472, Inflation targeting an inflation target
government policies in controlling inflation: the official inflation target identified, said the range of fluctuations in the inflation rate, and made it clear that the primary objective of monetary policy low and stable inflation. In recent years many industrial countries have adopted a tough or flexible inflation targeting policy.
473, Innovation Innovation
an Schumpeter Joseph b (Joseph
Schumpeter) are closely related to terminology. Schumpeter gave it three meanings: (1) to the market introduction of a new, distinctly different products; (2) the introduction of a new production technologies; or (3) the development of a new market. [ ,],[a mechanism: the risk of spread through the body the way many people to reduce the risks faced by individuals make up the individual may suffer huge losses.
476, Integration, vertical vs.horizontal
vertical integration and horizontal integration production process consisting of many stages of production, such as iron ore processed into ingots, steel ingots processed into steel, steel plate and then processed into automotive body. vertically integrated production process refers to the stage of combining two or more of them in a single enterprise (eg, iron ore and steel ingot.) horizontal integration refers to the different stages in the same production units were combined in a single enterprise.
477, Intellectual property rights management of intellectual property
patents, copyrights, trade secrets, electronic media and the other to the main content of the product information laws. These laws are usually given to inventors in the reproduction process control and by the right to compensation.
478, Interest
interest loans to others who received benefits.
479, Interest rate is the interest rate
certain period of time the price paid for money borrowed, usually account for a year expressed as a percentage of principal. Thus, if the interest rate is 10% per annum, then by one year 1,000 dollar loan, the interest to pay 100 U.S. dollars.
480, Intermediate goods through some intermediate products
manufacturing or processing, but has not reached the final product stage of the product. For example, steel and cotton yarn is the intermediate product.
481, International monetary system (also International financial
system) the international monetary system (the international financial system)
cross-border transactions, according to the payment system. central policy question is how to determine the exchange rate arrangements, exchange rate policies affect and other issues.
482, Intervention Government intervention
affect the currency exchange rate trading in the foreign exchange market, local currency and other activities.
483, Intrinsic value (of money) (money) as the intrinsic value
the monetary value of the goods items (eg, copper in the copper market value).
484, Invention
a new product or invention of a new production technology, creative discovery. Attention and Innovation (innovation) is different .
485, Investment Investment
(1) an increase in future output to give up current consumption of economic activity. including tangible investments, such as housing, and intangible investments, such as education. Net investment is total investment less depreciation of the value. The total investment is no depreciation of the investment. (2) the financial terms, the investment in an entirely different meaning, it refers to securities such as stocks or bonds for the purchase.
486, Investment demand (or investment demand curve) investment demand (or the investment demand curve)
reflect the level of investment with the cost of capital (more specifically, the actual interest rate) the corresponding relationship between the chart.
487, Invisible hand invisible hand
Adam b Smith in 1776 proposed the concept of laissez-faire market economy reveals the existence of a paradox. that each participant in the pursuit of his or her process of self-interest, the market system will give all participants with to benefit, as if there is an auspicious benevolent invisible hand in guiding the whole economic process.
488, Involuntarily unemployed involuntarily unemployed
see unemployment (unemployment).
489, Iron law of iron law of wages wages
Malthus and Marx's economic theories. that the existence of capitalism is close to the subsistence wage level of such a trend is inevitable.
490, Isoquant
see so and so yield yield curve (equal product curve).
491, Keynesian economics Keynesian economics b
by John Maynard Keynes, b created a set of economic theories. that the capitalist system can not automatically tend to full employment equilibrium. According to Keynes's point of view, the use of fiscal policy or monetary policy can increase the total demand, full employment can be treated non-equilibrium.
492, Keynesian school Keynesian economics Keynesian
see (Keynesian economics).
493, Labor force Labor
U.S. official statistics, more than 16 years and 16 years of unemployment or employment of the population.
494, Labor-force participstion rate
labor force participation rate of the population belong to the scope of labor accounted for 16 years and more than 16 years the ratio of the entire population.
495, Labor productivity productivity productivity
see (productivity).
496, Labor supply Labor supply
an economy the number of workers available (or More generally: the number of hours of labor), labor supply is the main determinant of population, real wages and social traditions.
497, Labor theory of value Labor
often associated with Karl Marx linked b theory that the value of each commodity should be the only measure of the production amount of labor it needs.
498, Laissez-faire (I should be limited to the following areas: (l) to maintain law and order; (2) national defense; (3) private enterprises are unwilling to provide certain public goods (such as public health and environmental health).
499, Land Land < br> classical and neoclassical economics, a kind of three basic factors of production (the other for the labor and capital). More generally, the land includes not only areas such as agricultural and industrial land, but also obtained from above and below ground other natural resources.
500, Least-cost rule (of production) (production) at the lowest cost rule
refers to a rule: When the input elements of each of the marginal revenue product for that kind of input the ratio of factor prices are equal, when a certain level of production to minimize the cost of production.
501, Legal tender
legal settlement of property under the law, during the debt settlement must be accepted currency. U.S. All of the coins and currency are legal settlement of property, but the check is not.
502, Less developed country (LDC)
per capita income of less developed countries, far below the most countries) countries.
503, Liabilities Liabilities
accounting, refers to other companies or individuals in arrears (debt) or financial liabilities (financial obligation).
504, Libertarianism laissez-faire
an economic and political affairs stressed the importance of the philosophy of individual freedom; sometimes called Friedman and James Buchanan b) believe that people should be able to achieve their interests and wishes of the government activities should be limited to ensure the performance of the contract to provide police and defense services within the scope, so as to maximize the individual provided free.
505, Limited Liability Co., the owner of the business losses
deal on limited liability. This loss is limited to that provided by the owner of the business within the capital. limited liability is a big company important factor in the rise. The partnership and individual proprietorship the owner of the general, but need to bear unlimited liability for debts.
506, Long run long time
term used to represent. In this time, changes can be made for the full adjustment. In microeconomics, it said this time: companies can enter or exit an industry, huge capital stock can change. In macroeconomics, it is often used to refer to this period of time: all the prices, wages, contracts, tax rates and is expected to be able to make a full adjustment.
507, Long-run aggregate supply schedule
long-term supply of aggregate supply table table reflects all prices and wages After adjusting the level of output and price relationship. In this, the aggregate supply curve is vertical.
508, Lorenz curve
a Lorenz curve of income or wealth is used to show the degree of inequality geometry.
509, Lowest sustainable rate of unemployment (or LSUR)
lowest sustainable unemployment rate means a rate of unemployment at that level, leading to wage increases and price inflation, wage pressures and lead to decreased Both systolic pressure and price, in the balance state, it neither increased nor decreased the inflation; LSUR representatives do not exist in the long term upward pressure on inflation in the case of the lowest unemployment rate can get. that is, such a types of unemployment, the rate of unemployment, the long-term Phillips curve (Phillips
curve) is vertical.
510, Lump-of-labor fallacy of-labor fallacy
a mistaken view that Social work needs to be done in the total amount is fixed. The reason why the wrong reasons: wages in the labor market can change or migration out of people to be adjusted, which can adapt to changes in labor demand and supply.
511, M1, See the money supply M2
Thursday, December 30, 2010
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Hunter is not easy to do, when the dog more difficult to
Do and ridiculed hounds, said: , he is running for their lives and ah! need to find a positive solution.
this trick really useful for dogs who have to work hard chasing rabbits, because no one wants to see other people have bones to eat, not eating their own.
so, after a period of time, the problem has emerged; large The rabbit is very difficult to catch, good to catch a small rabbit. but catch
to get the reward and a large rabbit caught by the small bones of the rabbit is similar to observed dogs are good at this trick, specifically to catch the little rabbit.
Slowly, we all discovered the trick.
hound hunters, said: Why charge so much enthusiasm to catch those big it? > Over time, the dog caught a rabbit on the statistics of the total weight.
by weight to evaluate the dogs, the treatment decision for some time. So the number of dogs have caught the rabbit and the weight increased, hunters very happy.
but after a period of time, hunters found that the number of dogs and rabbits were caught less, and the more experienced
dogs, decrease the number of rabbits to catch more interest. So they ask the dog hunters. < br> dogs, said: ?? certain number, even catching a rabbit, every meal can be
a certain number of bones?
dogs were very happy, we are all striving to achieve the required number of hunters. After some time, finally
number of dogs required to achieve a number of hunters.
At this time, including a hunting dog, said: bones. Why can not we give their hunting rabbits?? ?
in real life, most people always have to wait until the crisis began to rethink the value and
significance of many, as the story of the old dog, as well as their use for the environment value, immersed in public
courtesy of the Division and the market, until one day find themselves no longer competitive realize that, when the economic security,
confidence even been put to severe test is often the staff to grasp the future the boss, the boss of the future lies
in the company's operations, the company's growth depends on the market, but who can master the market? think far, far away before.)
five bones and meat combination
hunters are aware of the loss of hunting dogs, and dogs, like dogs who lost their dogs general and grab the rabbit.
situation getting worse, hunters forced to lure a stray dog, stray dogs than dogs asked him in the end strong there.
dogs said: Finally, no bones, the licking! Otherwise, you will not have to be tempted. the service longer, larger contribution, the ratio can be increased and the right to share the total rabbit meat hunters, m%. In this way, dogs have to work together with the hunters, the dogs are forced to suffer a great deal, have strongly demanded re- go dog team.
only permanent interests, no permanent friends -
the past one day at a time, winter, rabbits fewer hunters harvest even a single day than one day. and those who service a long time old dogs are too old to catch the rabbit, but still enjoying the carefree self-righteous that they deserve a large portion of food. Then one day the hunter can no longer bear them out the door, because hunters need more able-bodied hunting dogs hh
Birth of MicroBone Co.
who was swept out of the old dogs had a lot of money in compensation, so they set up MicroBone company. the way they used to recruit Franchise wild dogs, wild dogs are taught to Rabbit hunting skills, they extracted rabbit hunting was part of a management fee. When almost all the compensation for advertising, they finally have enough dogs to join us. the company began to make a profit. A year later, they acquired Hunter's belongings hh
------ Development of MicroBone Co.
MicroBone company promised to join the wild dogs can get n% stake in the company. This is too tempting. The self that is underappreciated the dogs were all surprised to find Concert: finally did the company's owner, and no longer dictated to by hunters endure unpleasant, no longer enough to catch rabbits and working so hard, do not beg helplessly more to the two hunters and play with the bones was delicate and charming. All of these dogs, this is more than good enough to eat two bones. So dogs are a family and I joined the MicroBone, studied under some of the young hunters hunting population also began to stir, many think he is wise or even practical stupid hunters also want to join. many of the same type as the springing up of companies set up, BoneEase, Bone.com, ChinaBonehh a time, the forest hilarious. (to be continued hh)
F4
hunter with the birth of the money onto the sale of the company walked the streets of the old dogs, the last lot of hard negotiating with the MicroBone when the old hounds hunter surprisingly smooth agreed to MicroBone the company was sold to hunters. old dogs are no longer run the company and instead began to write the rotation, layer of dog . collection of copyright fees, no risk, more profitable.
this trick really useful for dogs who have to work hard chasing rabbits, because no one wants to see other people have bones to eat, not eating their own.
so, after a period of time, the problem has emerged; large The rabbit is very difficult to catch, good to catch a small rabbit. but catch
to get the reward and a large rabbit caught by the small bones of the rabbit is similar to observed dogs are good at this trick, specifically to catch the little rabbit.
Slowly, we all discovered the trick.
hound hunters, said: Why charge so much enthusiasm to catch those big it? > Over time, the dog caught a rabbit on the statistics of the total weight.
by weight to evaluate the dogs, the treatment decision for some time. So the number of dogs have caught the rabbit and the weight increased, hunters very happy.
but after a period of time, hunters found that the number of dogs and rabbits were caught less, and the more experienced
dogs, decrease the number of rabbits to catch more interest. So they ask the dog hunters. < br> dogs, said: ?? certain number, even catching a rabbit, every meal can be
a certain number of bones?
dogs were very happy, we are all striving to achieve the required number of hunters. After some time, finally
number of dogs required to achieve a number of hunters.
At this time, including a hunting dog, said: bones. Why can not we give their hunting rabbits?? ?
in real life, most people always have to wait until the crisis began to rethink the value and
significance of many, as the story of the old dog, as well as their use for the environment value, immersed in public
courtesy of the Division and the market, until one day find themselves no longer competitive realize that, when the economic security,
confidence even been put to severe test is often the staff to grasp the future the boss, the boss of the future lies
in the company's operations, the company's growth depends on the market, but who can master the market? think far, far away before.)
five bones and meat combination
hunters are aware of the loss of hunting dogs, and dogs, like dogs who lost their dogs general and grab the rabbit.
situation getting worse, hunters forced to lure a stray dog, stray dogs than dogs asked him in the end strong there.
dogs said: Finally, no bones, the licking! Otherwise, you will not have to be tempted. the service longer, larger contribution, the ratio can be increased and the right to share the total rabbit meat hunters, m%. In this way, dogs have to work together with the hunters, the dogs are forced to suffer a great deal, have strongly demanded re- go dog team.
only permanent interests, no permanent friends -
the past one day at a time, winter, rabbits fewer hunters harvest even a single day than one day. and those who service a long time old dogs are too old to catch the rabbit, but still enjoying the carefree self-righteous that they deserve a large portion of food. Then one day the hunter can no longer bear them out the door, because hunters need more able-bodied hunting dogs hh
Birth of MicroBone Co.
who was swept out of the old dogs had a lot of money in compensation, so they set up MicroBone company. the way they used to recruit Franchise wild dogs, wild dogs are taught to Rabbit hunting skills, they extracted rabbit hunting was part of a management fee. When almost all the compensation for advertising, they finally have enough dogs to join us. the company began to make a profit. A year later, they acquired Hunter's belongings hh
------ Development of MicroBone Co.
MicroBone company promised to join the wild dogs can get n% stake in the company. This is too tempting. The self that is underappreciated the dogs were all surprised to find Concert: finally did the company's owner, and no longer dictated to by hunters endure unpleasant, no longer enough to catch rabbits and working so hard, do not beg helplessly more to the two hunters and play with the bones was delicate and charming. All of these dogs, this is more than good enough to eat two bones. So dogs are a family and I joined the MicroBone, studied under some of the young hunters hunting population also began to stir, many think he is wise or even practical stupid hunters also want to join. many of the same type as the springing up of companies set up, BoneEase, Bone.com, ChinaBonehh a time, the forest hilarious. (to be continued hh)
F4
hunter with the birth of the money onto the sale of the company walked the streets of the old dogs, the last lot of hard negotiating with the MicroBone when the old hounds hunter surprisingly smooth agreed to MicroBone the company was sold to hunters. old dogs are no longer run the company and instead began to write the rotation, layer of dog . collection of copyright fees, no risk, more profitable.
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
Wang Yuan plagiarism plaintiffs recording of a conversation with Han Huiming extract
Extract of the plaintiff and the recording of a conversation
Han Huiming talk time; July 28, 2006 PM 16:15 mm19: 15
conversation Location: Notting Hill coffee bar
talk Background: July 15, 2006, the plaintiff Han Huiming encounters in the streets, chatted for a while standing at the time, South Korea to the plaintiff about his understanding of some things, so that the plaintiff had participated in the first defendant was aware of Han Huiming Wang Yuan plagiarism fact that the plaintiff manuscript on July 28 .2006 On the afternoon of Korea suddenly call about the plaintiff, the plaintiff immediately told his lawyer Li Jian, asked her to co-appointment. but was unable to attend the Bar Li Jian, so she asked the plaintiff to the recording of a conversation so that she could hear the true circumstances of the case The analysis and understanding.
Han Huiming Tel:
07:00 mm08: 39
Liu】 【busy what?
【Korean】 do another film, the public sector's. private horrible, private sector is full of traps, then I more cooperation with the public.
】 【Liu you finally come to understand?
【Korean】 private trap too much, suffer too much. And here we levy penalty mechanism Yeah, nothing about sound.
【】 The Liu.
【Korean】 you negotiate with him, tell him you consume, you can not afford to consume.
Liu】 【Yeah, like Wang Yuan this is the unbridled , arbitrary and is, that is fraud.
【Korean】 rob.
Liu】 【Yes, looting, you said the word accurate. but I do not see how the original book, I bought on the back to go back hh has a bar, turned his eyes to throw in there.'ve heard that you changed, then rolled back to the turn. We provide a morning at home, ye did not even wrong to change Yeah, mistake Then go up, the day the newspaper, the altogether on so few lines, I looked to see out.
【Korean】 how I did not change.
】 【Liu also changed a lot, write the past to the rear. Anyway, still used to write words hh
17:24 mm19: 51
Liu】 【then I was quite sorry for you, I said yo, how old and how to change that Korean thing .
【Korean】 did not move.
Liu】 【very clean book, and I said how such a thing has become, it is no wonder that Li Chunping unhappy.
【Korean】 did not move, I Basically, not how to move.
Liu】 【how did you move? which those who wrote ah?
【Korean】 written by another person.
Liu】 【but you he found a people?
【Korean】 He said let me find someone to come forward, then I found a person, behind the back hh hh did not talk about something good, even if the. then I thought some things have no meaning, because to have to do things a basic awareness of the basic things.
】 【Liu is. I am not saying that what I said we are all engaged in writing, wow, you change to change it, reform it, let me simply Intuit feel uncomfortable, and that the manuscript to read. I did not read several of them are listed, that is hh manuscript because I wrote it myself very clear I am sure, know what it is, then look hh
【Korean】 I let I read it again
a friend】 【Liu ah.
【Korean】 I let my friends read it again a. read later, he told me that after seeing you it is, people confused this is not very good for you, fine you, what did change. I said I do not quite understand.
Liu】 【Yes, but you did not know you. In fact, why did I not see that it is old South Korea, I was quite believe you, and skill. I think no matter how changed for you at least will not commit to a particular kind of bad mistakes. Then one day, listening to Chun-Ping Li said that, there are points do not believe, I reflected on that day We two words I am wondering is that you change, I say that the old Korean right not write such things, the result really in the inside.
【Korean】 ah, I did not move, basically did not move. Wang Yuan was said to me you a lot, he would not have much truth, to make nonsense nonsense, how to how to say in his favor.
23:30 mm33: 45
【Korean】 Yes. and then go wrong, including this book, I say no should Yeah, I said this is hh
Liu】 【What he knows is wrong? (understood as the book more out of the textual errors)
【Korean】 do not know, do not know how it was. Anyway, this thing hh So anyway, such as hh hh hh I hh, etc. So I am very involved in the limits a bit. most of the hh lot of things is not my handwriting. I am very involved in the limits a bit.
Liu】 【Yes, I think hh some of you that I certainly can see that the traces of that Fang Xie, is that you put the word transfer a child or what ever hh but some, including punctuation errors, I saw half of the stand it anymore, really . I saw some, a whole is a comma, not a basic punctuation, no. hh I said hey this day, you called me, untie me really confused, I said this old Korean writing? also Intuit hh I am an intuitive, although I have not seen you formally write these, but you said that book I have read that you said you wrote the first book of financial wisdom figures I've seen. and I think you to director will not be there to do a lot here hh hh primary and secondary students are the kind of error. to read less than a chapter.
【Korean】 over, behind me, I said how, he said, is the signature problem. He said you have to signed by the head of the Department, this and that. that for a long time. that the signature you have to head the Department, said that the hh for a long time, I did not 吭气.
he】 【Liu change is issued to you when you change the electronic version of draft is to give you a?
【Korean】 he had let me find someone, let me find someone. I'm looking for one. I'm looking for a friend. Then they said, nothing can be changed , and very well written Yeah. It so happened that that was a dinner and someone else, then that person does is not good stubble, he said I Guannameduo it, would you not this thing, took the first deposit to say. I hh this thing a look at this, what meaning I do.
Liu】 【he doing hh
【Korean】 I do own thing hh
】 【I said Liu hh I always thought you reform. really, I think so. I met last time either you, may we two met, said some of the thing hh
【Korean】 is the case, he was so, he is hh I say that is nothing to reform, change what? He said some Beijing-oriented, it is Beijing of the things to change. and then I get a chapter later, get a chapter later, after he said he said you That did not move Yeah. I said how to move it? hh he said I said you call it is not called rewrite rewrite. then I dismissed. withdrawal of this thing.
】 【Liu was not you reform will afford ? front hh
【Korean】 then I do not know.
Liu】 【front, the front may be changed to change. That did he want to first acknowledge you here? I read that he had written, so I You have been considered in the change to his surgeon.
【Korean】 him the things a lot of things, this thing, from the beginning to the back, he asked me a lot. I gave him a lot of things are is free to share hh him from the beginning, I told him, you do not put it into a bestseller, put it into a cultural book. I talked to him several times, is included in a talk we also there alone with him to talk about.
Liu】 【we in a time when you talked about several times, right?
【Korean】 hh we are talking about, after the one spoken to have said before that. He had never been seen wanted me to write that he was responsible for some men, some women you write, and he gave me three months, five dollars wages, is the concept. It is impossible.
】 【Liu are used to this approach. So I say he has no manuscript to show.
【Korean】 finished he told me that after you write is this, I would not ask.
】 【Liu No, he told the beginning, from the beginning when he asked me to say that our cooperation a completely personal cooperation. say, why can not influence on the back to give you money, because they control the TV money, he told me that China did not place a lot of money. He said, hh has two hands I was signing books, so not much to write. Later he repeated, and I said hh
【Korean】 me to hh I hh I went here before Yeah, not my intention to understand with others to contact him (people) think I am the person is still relatively realistic. then this person work through his way through and I learn from their experience a bit, actually, I have had an idea. I have a few of the heart, I know how to squeeze a scale of. Insincere a scale, and this is his (the king) the usual way of doing things. his behavior.
Liu】 【Yes, we all feel like listening to it listen to the story, such as Really?
【Korean】 ha ha hh (nod)
Liu】 【experience if you do not you think this is it true?
【Korean】 feel very strange.
】 【Liu So, of course, so that I may also hh hh we to eight times that day I was suddenly President, when I have not promised him to write it. you know. but he told me, you do not write too hh you, that When we do not even know. Let a sit, give me some advice. I said, let's not refuse to others on this, the people said. give some advice. actually is from that, and to eat, we eat lively, Jiuhan being, then answer it.
【Korean】 Anyway, if you do not have time to write so I wrote it, I will not, I will contract with a way to give you my How much to pay me how much royalties to say. I can get I get my first, and then royalties would not let a penny here, be sure to check this about.
Liu】 【how did you privately sue me ah. but then we two still unfamiliar with it.
【Korean】 I mentioned to you wake up, do not you think of it?
Liu】 【that I know you said that thing back with the Press children.
【Korean】 I said I said what I said was about the money okay, about what it means. Then you understood where the Press.
Liu】 【Yes, I thought it was royalty it.
【Korean】 Old Han you have to let publishers earn money. This allows people to earn to make people earn, I did not 吭气.
46:30 mm50: 32
Liu】 【I do not Did you know that this reform?
【Korean】 (shaking his head) really is not. you say these are not, you're all not.
】 【Liu is not it? you change the where ah?
【Korean】 I'll move a little on the plate.
Liu】 【I can see that turned over rewriting the whole front part of the piece of children.
【Korean】 in front of a moving little.
Liu】 【I said, hey, so how can such a change? Anyway, I really wanted to write a essay that you're stealing to plagiarism, and your levels are a good editor if you can not. nothing short of a mm test had failed a test composition to that feeling.
【Korean】 not. before he wanted me to got it, then, is get hold of the contract. I do not want to get, you find someone that I get. Later, the contract has a special mm particularly bizarre, there is one. said that if the change was not satisfied with all the money should be returned to him.
Liu】 【back all the money to him?
【Korean】 hey, all money returned to him. Well, this one's better if you change are not satisfied I can say. I say not so, and can not do it. I say not do that. Then, I said can not you get, if you change the words you can find someone, come pay a deposit, how how. come to find someone he went to another.
Liu】 【he told you this is my manuscript Why?
【Korean】 I am looking for someone do not know. He told me (that is the plaintiff's manuscript). I said it did not need to change, you change what, fine. Then he said something and the main reason is that the signature causes. is When signed, that is, when you have to say that the Department signed before him, and he told you ahead Xie Gaozi clear to you when he was finishing some text you do Yeah, and that the money given to you the.
Liu】 【I did not get a penny, this is the first;
【Korean】 I absolutely believe what you say, I absolutely believe what you say.
Liu】 【You can not I believe he gave me the money must be had, he certainly must have, is that the cost of (doing signature posture). then, but he realized he was so changed, so if he let you change a copyright problem?, br> 【Korean】 while ago, before the period is to allow me to find someone. to find someone, he said quite simply, is to adapt, change took something and changed. and then someone is getting the money to get me to eat hh deposit. and then One to change, he said: withdrawal came. I have other thing to withdraw came.
】 【Liu about how long? When?
【Korean】 May it.
Liu】 【May? that very fast, in June he had a book.
【Korean】 behind him, how he get back, I do not know.
Liu】 【final chapters on the basics did not change, that is, Full name of a replacement on the whole go up. There are many chapters did not even change.
【Korean】 April he would find me. April I do in Lanzhou. I just came back he looked me in Lanzhou to the central station to make a party.
52:10 mm53: 29
Liu】 【cheated you said, this is the first time I literature fraud. In the past some people that something is plagiarism, and the kind of plagiarism I very little to go to law or to pursue the matter, there are some special people who copied the manuscript reproduced.
【Korean】 not lie, rob and barely veiled to grab.
hh (official dialogue and tea)
Liu】 【Ann Gesha you name him? you gave me out of ideas, how to do?
【Korean】 I told him, I told him, I said people Ling teacher for this manuscript is also the wind hard a long time, were you got the money should be given on the people is lacking. he said, face the thing he said I will deal with, will do well.
01:13:20 mm01: 13:46
【Korean】 I think, I think he is not to change the nature of change was good or bad, is not here. He is the first masterpiece of the works into the world is not his, this is not real. But the things to see their ruin is quite painful. can be understood, but it is not real.
01:14:20 mm01: 15:06
Liu】 【hh
but you know very well that Korean】 【is careful the.
Liu】 【that you know very well that he would let you change my script, you know very well that this is not to take people's manuscripts belonging to? that you also should know that such copyrighted Well the problem.
【Korean】 No, this I do not intervene, I did not intervene.
Liu】 【Oh.
【Korean】 I am not involved in this thing, I am not involved in this thing.
Liu】 【Later he is to give you money or give that person money?
【Korean】 hh come I did not come to meet them, I have not met them, I did not let them meet. later Who found I do not know.
01:17:55 mm01: 18:56
【Korean】 He may have had candidates, said the following about a few, I do not know who. first get hh repentance, confession and then get another official, how a confession, repentance and then get another point of view, and then he said that I had a name, this society up my trouble, my volume, my first out of the Liu】 【confession hh
I think he really a name, and that if he repented of his own to the next one to write a confession that he is not on the What.
【Korean】 I heard the words, there is feeling sad, very disdain. but hh
】 【Liu finished the book out after he told you that?
【Korean】 he told me to remark, when this confession that I quite contempt. and then go despise despise it, I can not show it. because I think there is always cause and effect. is unjust is doomed to destruction
01:48:48 mm01: 54:43
【Korean】 I Li Chunping think you look carefully, he look carefully at the news conference, wondering what he's between the lines. and then you own the situation, and now this thing, including books, you can cut from this point of view. Your book is an objective is very elegant things, and his access to, can seek support by Li Chunping.
Liu】 【Korean】 【O hh
Li Chunping is in fact the most important figures.
【 ],[He did some of the manuscript,
【Korean】 you find Chun-Ping Li Liu is hh
】 【This means that you do not let me go to Chun-Ping Li, is not it mean?
【Korean】 not, to find Chun-Ping Li, Li Chunping give you this book to prove that on the line. because he had seen the original manuscript Chun-Ping Li, the original proof of your manuscript. Now he is not satisfied with these manuscripts prove that this is something that he later changed . Then you find a channel to issue the book to go.
Liu】 【I still have not hh, really do not want to, so I like to listen to you today to help me. You look at me than you it, but because you are in Beijing battles always such years, as you say we are inside the unit, so could you people doing things I have not much experience. So I want to hear that your experience I do, indeed, how I did not thought about how I have not thought about how to do this. I was simply too busy to think, the children had just finished the test, until recently I have been waiting for notice in July . I smoked have recently realistic, because the kids are all down notice.
【Korean】 fact, I think the key lies in Li Chunping there. In fact this book is not the key point is who changed Yeah, but is that it is changed to.
Liu】 【I know,
【Korean】 key to what is it? Li Chunping read the original book, but also know the process, and he is now on the rehabilitation of the hh he a judge, and his judgments, by which you share something back to the momentum.
Liu】 【I know, you say, I let Li Chunping prove, I think that this book, now you out of the book. So I feel satisfied with this book, is not it mean?
【Korean】 This is a drastic one approach, the most fiercely.
】 【Liu also, it is in.
【Korean】 I have hesitated a long time is not for you out of this move. This is a drastic approach. actually the most powerful of this approach. Because the book critical of plagiarism, as to say that plagiarism methods, which simply without proof. This need not prove that, I found him, I wrote him a number, which do not have to prove to you that he is a fake. a discerning eye to see that they are two (manuscript) of the relationship. you how perpetrating a fraud. You change there, is spoiled or changed into a classic, it is not important, is to prove that the book is plagiarism hh
Liu】 【Yes, as you say change is world famous plagiarism is, in essence, plagiarism.
【Korean】 pairs (change there) does not matter. In fact, who are not stupid, for instance, is the famous Dream of Red Mansions, China's greatest novel, but the Red Chamber by Golden Lotus effect is obvious, is not it, not to mention that thing was so obvious you.
】 【Liu me now, tell you the truth, I did not call no Chun-Ping Li Chun-Ping Li's EmMAIL, had never with his Korean】 【hh
you do not know their house?
Liu】 【I know his office.
【Korean】'll be OK, knowing that his office is not easier to handle.
【 ],[a comparison, and then give him the hh
Liu】 【so I was feeling that day, really, I saw that press conference I was very surprised on their own.
【Korean】 your example, you For example, that I was I was, strictly speaking, in fact, this move should not be out of the ah, but I think a bit hard on the conscience. For example you take the manuscript and this manuscript, you say change is good or bad is not that my original you Yes, I think this book speaks ill of you. Why, one, two, three results hh hh hh you say if from this point on the Li Chunping can tend to you.
】 【Liu I, generally it hh
【Korean】 Wang yuan this thing, this thing done, too much, this is not a man do. get him to play 10 hh
01:57:50 mm01: 59:40
Liu】 【last time you I finished with, said Wang Yuan's that fooled you, I have been back home is, I can not figure out, his face so deceived you, let you shop and go to the thing and knows it is to change people the manuscript, the results you go? I have been thought through.
【Korean】 I operate this thing, let me work. let me when he said a lot of operational reasons. because I am both of you the details of cooperation I do not know, contradictions do not understand, he gave me about some things. He said he is looking for you first talk to you, give you the money you give me the actual hh that and then that money does not matter hh. Then Let me, finding people. and then I find people do not feel right, does not feel right up to withdrawal, and quickly dismissed.
】 【Liu is not the last time you said that he also gives you a little money up, change the manuscript .
【Korean】, etc. So, I did not hh hh tantamount to the guy.
Liu】 【Yeah, people got?
【Korean】 people that staff did not do a good job, had said What changed, in fact, not changed, then hh, etc. So I made a thankless thing on both sides.
Liu】 【equal to that person and he has not seen?
【Korean】 The 对.
【】 Liu did not let that person you meet him, only the manuscript to the man?
【Korean】 Yes, yes, people say that after reading the manuscript is very good, you still want me to change it? < br> Liu】 【man doing it? is writing for the?
【Korean】 Military Writer, Military Writer.
01:59:58 mm02: 03:40
【Korean】 So I think a man and women to consider things may be different. I believe that to me or I put up, I want to move hit his three-inch hh
Liu】 【If you, What would you court?
【Korean】 play case, this case is very involved energy, what is the purpose of litigation you? not that your argument What should also. If you still have to be a fair if hh
Liu】 【Yes, definitely have to repay a statement. < br> 【Korean】 Yes, but also a saying, do not want other issues to a direct question the results. because the mm is not important to you this book, but his conduct has hurt you, you did mm what I said right? of this kind of thing Tingduo hh and you want to know what the result is Yes, you can let him give you money. The holding him to you, because China is now the law hh
hh
【Korean】 So, I think, I think, you start to find the money on, start with the money to get it back on.
】 【Liu you mean I find him? he will not. like you say he So sharp.
【Korean】 not, start looking for money, there are many on the way, I want to get back is my reward, if not, if they are not paid, how I would do with his very detailed That kind of thing, then if he still hh then you take the next step.
Liu】 【But you knew that the old South Korea, what is this thing called the law?
【Korean】 before resorting to force is tantamount to ah. < br> Liu】 【call this a legal blackmail. know. I do not know the law understand (how many).
【Korean】 that I do not understand, how is it blackmail?
【Liu 】 law is such that I raised with you as long as a sum of money, and then say you do not give me the money if I how and how, this is called blackmail. This is the definition.
【Korean】 not, but His definition is that it is blackmail. but I was back Yes I deserve a reward.
Liu】 【Yes, and units for example, I dispute the hh
【Korean】 not, your book I wrote, more than 20 million words, I created my own cost back how it is called blackmail?
Liu】 【I'm not writing fees. how do I call work? you are not hired me to create Members, this is what hh
【Korean】 not know the word I said and see how that appropriate, how to say the most close to your situation.
Liu】 【because it was the hh
【Korea 】 In fact, I understand that this is not just a cost of creation, he violated your copyright, in fact. I do not know how the contract you signed.
02:12:44 mm02: 16:30
Liu】 【hh but sometimes you think I am old, you say this is true? we go out mm, such as the old Han you have told me so much, I feel that this is true?
【Korean】 If you do not experience these things, I tell you, you may not believe, right?
Liu】 【Yes.
【Korean】 may not believe you.
Liu】 【Yes, if the Without this experience, probably like you said, why do you remind me or do not have that sense of mm. because truly I tell you, like us, grew up in an intellectual family grew up, never say, in addition to culture Revolution may have not seen this, is the person to do so. I always incredible, that is, that this right, too much bile. I think he'll come when you write, re-write, I do not view . is like you said, would rather do this thing, do not write, no problem. Then, look now, this structure, paragraphs, it is not moving to the former head structure to the structure of all later structures, chapter even if you said I move that this chapter which are not.
【Korean】 enough so as infringement, and in accordance with the law books that must
】 【Liu Yes.
【Korean】 has infringed.
】 【Liu was sure that this is not hh
【Korean】 Look Quanliquanwai, GJM that plagiarism, plagiarism GJM way I want to be very high, br> Liu】 【Yes, but people still on it.
【Korean】 right, so this is not a minor issue can not be resolved. you either are looking for a peaceful, settlement purposes. purpose is clear: back their losses. or what is my loss, I have ignored, is selling the children to buy the steamer, do not fight children Zhengkou Qi. the focus to your own. So I said, one is this way, the other is hh I spoke very understand.
Liu】 【ah, I know you said that. because I tell the truth, said this month ah hh
【Korean】 because you can see Chun-Ping Li, and something with the global view, then, in the interview which he was understanding of Wang Yuan, and for your understanding, not the same, certainly not the same. because you give people a kind of literary ambience, culture, books of things, but also that species is very delicate thing, what kind of euphemism, or the kind of things, the nature of things hh he could feel it. people are feeling, he will have feelings, he will feel.
【Liu 】 I actually should be hh
【Korean】 then you can say: This book is already a bestseller, if unchecked, to you who this person is to fight hh Why fight for a reputation. It has is a lot of things as a model for generations. then this book may also reprint, you can not discredit you allowed such a thing. You can compare the two most clearly compared to you, those things are good, those who slander or yellow, or creating a bad impact. I mean what is it original, this is a drastic push approach.
02:26:55 mm02: 29:03
】 【Liu for him, just know your first was a woman; second, he knows I usually do not fight, what if a bit small I always take a step back, because from childhood by the influence of this culture thing; the third effort he knew I did not, he usually also understand that I am her mother of cancer, hey, you son of the college entrance examination, or how anxious he was to catch fire, fire, a book at this time. So Haiyan Wu told me that he was anxious to have to give the fire the fire on June 10 out. so I do not understand why, you want to change your manuscript to him in May when it?
【Korean】 May it is.
】 【Liu, right?
【Korean】 me he is looking for four months behind I think this thing a bit wrong, then how come he do not know who to turn to.
】 【Liu said that so hasty, if you think about this time mm, Wu Haiyan look at this read the manuscript for two months,
【Korean】 Wu Haiyan, who is?
Liu】 【Zebian.
【Korean】 Oh.
】 【Liu looked for two months, she was seriously to change, inside a typo ah, what mm has not changed or clean. because I am typing clerical error rate more that five strokes. And I think there is a computer, for example, I hit will be a I generally finished on the special tired, tired of their not particularly like to watch, I said you gave me, put a few special places that are easy to tell her the wrong.
【Korean】 I was all remind you, that day I said to write all day light where? light to climb on the computer can not. Then you said you almost six hours a day writing. At that time I told you, the money was on a good thing. you Press this thing into something wrong, that publishers are not run. because I can only say this step. because I do not understand your ways, he told me to write you a month to several thousand dollars, is one such.
Liu】 【it because after all, lie is a lie, you said you gave me money, you give a proof of the total.
【Korean】 He must also hate what I hate like, I hate what he hates to children, he said many times that let me write to him, I would not on this child.
02:31:20 mm02: 34:32
Li Chunping this thing, I really do not know is so a pool of troubled waters. If you did not hit me that day, this thing would pass. In fact, I had wanted to give you a call, but do not know how, but also not say so
Liu】 【I just saw this book, when did not look. then bought a book, they said Acknowledgement you, I looked at the postscript, the first is what you see is the name. Then, looking through the front mm
【Korean】 financial wisdom of his people, he put all the people of the Ming Hsieh Ming Hsieh, and then, he may, he is not this a little conscience? because Here he helped me a lot of busy, because the billion of all things, fame and fortune he is not give up. and he is afraid of people know that I have something hh
Liu】 【fact, because to do this book, but later had little cracks in the inside. What rift? just written the first draft of my time, publishers in particular satisfaction, he let me hard, I'm going some place that I can not change your mind can not proceed to write, this is one of the . As for the second, probably over the eleven, my child was sick,
【Korean】 to move are some of his son, he would allow you to change, nothing can be changed to have to be changed, finally you quit, even if his manuscript. I once had a script, I say you do not tell me how to change it, I said why do you not tell me how to change the place hh
Liu】 【Yes, but then I also angry. I said: Wang Yuan I tell you, since it is cooperation, I am not your editor, how to change it to how you make change? This change was to change it up, I'm the main author is.
【Korean】 his will achieve this goal, so you changed to endure the trouble to give up.
02:52:22 mm02: 53:58
【Korean】 You have to remember this, that you're looking for Li Chunping two points, he did not care much, he has more money do not care about money, he is the reputation, the reputation of before and after death. This book has given you in his lifetime adverse effects, entry point, this is a starting point. The second , entry point is a process. should insist on quality and elegance, this book of the many. and then you give another example, the original and now the things that make him to identify. that they do not know if you want to appreciation of the arts to find a person, or who knows ...
Han Huiming talk time; July 28, 2006 PM 16:15 mm19: 15
conversation Location: Notting Hill coffee bar
talk Background: July 15, 2006, the plaintiff Han Huiming encounters in the streets, chatted for a while standing at the time, South Korea to the plaintiff about his understanding of some things, so that the plaintiff had participated in the first defendant was aware of Han Huiming Wang Yuan plagiarism fact that the plaintiff manuscript on July 28 .2006 On the afternoon of Korea suddenly call about the plaintiff, the plaintiff immediately told his lawyer Li Jian, asked her to co-appointment. but was unable to attend the Bar Li Jian, so she asked the plaintiff to the recording of a conversation so that she could hear the true circumstances of the case The analysis and understanding.
Han Huiming Tel:
07:00 mm08: 39
Liu】 【busy what?
【Korean】 do another film, the public sector's. private horrible, private sector is full of traps, then I more cooperation with the public.
】 【Liu you finally come to understand?
【Korean】 private trap too much, suffer too much. And here we levy penalty mechanism Yeah, nothing about sound.
【】 The Liu.
【Korean】 you negotiate with him, tell him you consume, you can not afford to consume.
Liu】 【Yeah, like Wang Yuan this is the unbridled , arbitrary and is, that is fraud.
【Korean】 rob.
Liu】 【Yes, looting, you said the word accurate. but I do not see how the original book, I bought on the back to go back hh has a bar, turned his eyes to throw in there.'ve heard that you changed, then rolled back to the turn. We provide a morning at home, ye did not even wrong to change Yeah, mistake Then go up, the day the newspaper, the altogether on so few lines, I looked to see out.
【Korean】 how I did not change.
】 【Liu also changed a lot, write the past to the rear. Anyway, still used to write words hh
17:24 mm19: 51
Liu】 【then I was quite sorry for you, I said yo, how old and how to change that Korean thing .
【Korean】 did not move.
Liu】 【very clean book, and I said how such a thing has become, it is no wonder that Li Chunping unhappy.
【Korean】 did not move, I Basically, not how to move.
Liu】 【how did you move? which those who wrote ah?
【Korean】 written by another person.
Liu】 【but you he found a people?
【Korean】 He said let me find someone to come forward, then I found a person, behind the back hh hh did not talk about something good, even if the. then I thought some things have no meaning, because to have to do things a basic awareness of the basic things.
】 【Liu is. I am not saying that what I said we are all engaged in writing, wow, you change to change it, reform it, let me simply Intuit feel uncomfortable, and that the manuscript to read. I did not read several of them are listed, that is hh manuscript because I wrote it myself very clear I am sure, know what it is, then look hh
【Korean】 I let I read it again
a friend】 【Liu ah.
【Korean】 I let my friends read it again a. read later, he told me that after seeing you it is, people confused this is not very good for you, fine you, what did change. I said I do not quite understand.
Liu】 【Yes, but you did not know you. In fact, why did I not see that it is old South Korea, I was quite believe you, and skill. I think no matter how changed for you at least will not commit to a particular kind of bad mistakes. Then one day, listening to Chun-Ping Li said that, there are points do not believe, I reflected on that day We two words I am wondering is that you change, I say that the old Korean right not write such things, the result really in the inside.
【Korean】 ah, I did not move, basically did not move. Wang Yuan was said to me you a lot, he would not have much truth, to make nonsense nonsense, how to how to say in his favor.
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【Korean】 Yes. and then go wrong, including this book, I say no should Yeah, I said this is hh
Liu】 【What he knows is wrong? (understood as the book more out of the textual errors)
【Korean】 do not know, do not know how it was. Anyway, this thing hh So anyway, such as hh hh hh I hh, etc. So I am very involved in the limits a bit. most of the hh lot of things is not my handwriting. I am very involved in the limits a bit.
Liu】 【Yes, I think hh some of you that I certainly can see that the traces of that Fang Xie, is that you put the word transfer a child or what ever hh but some, including punctuation errors, I saw half of the stand it anymore, really . I saw some, a whole is a comma, not a basic punctuation, no. hh I said hey this day, you called me, untie me really confused, I said this old Korean writing? also Intuit hh I am an intuitive, although I have not seen you formally write these, but you said that book I have read that you said you wrote the first book of financial wisdom figures I've seen. and I think you to director will not be there to do a lot here hh hh primary and secondary students are the kind of error. to read less than a chapter.
【Korean】 over, behind me, I said how, he said, is the signature problem. He said you have to signed by the head of the Department, this and that. that for a long time. that the signature you have to head the Department, said that the hh for a long time, I did not 吭气.
he】 【Liu change is issued to you when you change the electronic version of draft is to give you a?
【Korean】 he had let me find someone, let me find someone. I'm looking for one. I'm looking for a friend. Then they said, nothing can be changed , and very well written Yeah. It so happened that that was a dinner and someone else, then that person does is not good stubble, he said I Guannameduo it, would you not this thing, took the first deposit to say. I hh this thing a look at this, what meaning I do.
Liu】 【he doing hh
【Korean】 I do own thing hh
】 【I said Liu hh I always thought you reform. really, I think so. I met last time either you, may we two met, said some of the thing hh
【Korean】 is the case, he was so, he is hh I say that is nothing to reform, change what? He said some Beijing-oriented, it is Beijing of the things to change. and then I get a chapter later, get a chapter later, after he said he said you That did not move Yeah. I said how to move it? hh he said I said you call it is not called rewrite rewrite. then I dismissed. withdrawal of this thing.
】 【Liu was not you reform will afford ? front hh
【Korean】 then I do not know.
Liu】 【front, the front may be changed to change. That did he want to first acknowledge you here? I read that he had written, so I You have been considered in the change to his surgeon.
【Korean】 him the things a lot of things, this thing, from the beginning to the back, he asked me a lot. I gave him a lot of things are is free to share hh him from the beginning, I told him, you do not put it into a bestseller, put it into a cultural book. I talked to him several times, is included in a talk we also there alone with him to talk about.
Liu】 【we in a time when you talked about several times, right?
【Korean】 hh we are talking about, after the one spoken to have said before that. He had never been seen wanted me to write that he was responsible for some men, some women you write, and he gave me three months, five dollars wages, is the concept. It is impossible.
】 【Liu are used to this approach. So I say he has no manuscript to show.
【Korean】 finished he told me that after you write is this, I would not ask.
】 【Liu No, he told the beginning, from the beginning when he asked me to say that our cooperation a completely personal cooperation. say, why can not influence on the back to give you money, because they control the TV money, he told me that China did not place a lot of money. He said, hh has two hands I was signing books, so not much to write. Later he repeated, and I said hh
【Korean】 me to hh I hh I went here before Yeah, not my intention to understand with others to contact him (people) think I am the person is still relatively realistic. then this person work through his way through and I learn from their experience a bit, actually, I have had an idea. I have a few of the heart, I know how to squeeze a scale of. Insincere a scale, and this is his (the king) the usual way of doing things. his behavior.
Liu】 【Yes, we all feel like listening to it listen to the story, such as Really?
【Korean】 ha ha hh (nod)
Liu】 【experience if you do not you think this is it true?
【Korean】 feel very strange.
】 【Liu So, of course, so that I may also hh hh we to eight times that day I was suddenly President, when I have not promised him to write it. you know. but he told me, you do not write too hh you, that When we do not even know. Let a sit, give me some advice. I said, let's not refuse to others on this, the people said. give some advice. actually is from that, and to eat, we eat lively, Jiuhan being, then answer it.
【Korean】 Anyway, if you do not have time to write so I wrote it, I will not, I will contract with a way to give you my How much to pay me how much royalties to say. I can get I get my first, and then royalties would not let a penny here, be sure to check this about.
Liu】 【how did you privately sue me ah. but then we two still unfamiliar with it.
【Korean】 I mentioned to you wake up, do not you think of it?
Liu】 【that I know you said that thing back with the Press children.
【Korean】 I said I said what I said was about the money okay, about what it means. Then you understood where the Press.
Liu】 【Yes, I thought it was royalty it.
【Korean】 Old Han you have to let publishers earn money. This allows people to earn to make people earn, I did not 吭气.
46:30 mm50: 32
Liu】 【I do not Did you know that this reform?
【Korean】 (shaking his head) really is not. you say these are not, you're all not.
】 【Liu is not it? you change the where ah?
【Korean】 I'll move a little on the plate.
Liu】 【I can see that turned over rewriting the whole front part of the piece of children.
【Korean】 in front of a moving little.
Liu】 【I said, hey, so how can such a change? Anyway, I really wanted to write a essay that you're stealing to plagiarism, and your levels are a good editor if you can not. nothing short of a mm test had failed a test composition to that feeling.
【Korean】 not. before he wanted me to got it, then, is get hold of the contract. I do not want to get, you find someone that I get. Later, the contract has a special mm particularly bizarre, there is one. said that if the change was not satisfied with all the money should be returned to him.
Liu】 【back all the money to him?
【Korean】 hey, all money returned to him. Well, this one's better if you change are not satisfied I can say. I say not so, and can not do it. I say not do that. Then, I said can not you get, if you change the words you can find someone, come pay a deposit, how how. come to find someone he went to another.
Liu】 【he told you this is my manuscript Why?
【Korean】 I am looking for someone do not know. He told me (that is the plaintiff's manuscript). I said it did not need to change, you change what, fine. Then he said something and the main reason is that the signature causes. is When signed, that is, when you have to say that the Department signed before him, and he told you ahead Xie Gaozi clear to you when he was finishing some text you do Yeah, and that the money given to you the.
Liu】 【I did not get a penny, this is the first;
【Korean】 I absolutely believe what you say, I absolutely believe what you say.
Liu】 【You can not I believe he gave me the money must be had, he certainly must have, is that the cost of (doing signature posture). then, but he realized he was so changed, so if he let you change a copyright problem?, br> 【Korean】 while ago, before the period is to allow me to find someone. to find someone, he said quite simply, is to adapt, change took something and changed. and then someone is getting the money to get me to eat hh deposit. and then One to change, he said: withdrawal came. I have other thing to withdraw came.
】 【Liu about how long? When?
【Korean】 May it.
Liu】 【May? that very fast, in June he had a book.
【Korean】 behind him, how he get back, I do not know.
Liu】 【final chapters on the basics did not change, that is, Full name of a replacement on the whole go up. There are many chapters did not even change.
【Korean】 April he would find me. April I do in Lanzhou. I just came back he looked me in Lanzhou to the central station to make a party.
52:10 mm53: 29
Liu】 【cheated you said, this is the first time I literature fraud. In the past some people that something is plagiarism, and the kind of plagiarism I very little to go to law or to pursue the matter, there are some special people who copied the manuscript reproduced.
【Korean】 not lie, rob and barely veiled to grab.
hh (official dialogue and tea)
Liu】 【Ann Gesha you name him? you gave me out of ideas, how to do?
【Korean】 I told him, I told him, I said people Ling teacher for this manuscript is also the wind hard a long time, were you got the money should be given on the people is lacking. he said, face the thing he said I will deal with, will do well.
01:13:20 mm01: 13:46
【Korean】 I think, I think he is not to change the nature of change was good or bad, is not here. He is the first masterpiece of the works into the world is not his, this is not real. But the things to see their ruin is quite painful. can be understood, but it is not real.
01:14:20 mm01: 15:06
Liu】 【hh
but you know very well that Korean】 【is careful the.
Liu】 【that you know very well that he would let you change my script, you know very well that this is not to take people's manuscripts belonging to? that you also should know that such copyrighted Well the problem.
【Korean】 No, this I do not intervene, I did not intervene.
Liu】 【Oh.
【Korean】 I am not involved in this thing, I am not involved in this thing.
Liu】 【Later he is to give you money or give that person money?
【Korean】 hh come I did not come to meet them, I have not met them, I did not let them meet. later Who found I do not know.
01:17:55 mm01: 18:56
【Korean】 He may have had candidates, said the following about a few, I do not know who. first get hh repentance, confession and then get another official, how a confession, repentance and then get another point of view, and then he said that I had a name, this society up my trouble, my volume, my first out of the Liu】 【confession hh
I think he really a name, and that if he repented of his own to the next one to write a confession that he is not on the What.
【Korean】 I heard the words, there is feeling sad, very disdain. but hh
】 【Liu finished the book out after he told you that?
【Korean】 he told me to remark, when this confession that I quite contempt. and then go despise despise it, I can not show it. because I think there is always cause and effect. is unjust is doomed to destruction
01:48:48 mm01: 54:43
【Korean】 I Li Chunping think you look carefully, he look carefully at the news conference, wondering what he's between the lines. and then you own the situation, and now this thing, including books, you can cut from this point of view. Your book is an objective is very elegant things, and his access to, can seek support by Li Chunping.
Liu】 【Korean】 【O hh
Li Chunping is in fact the most important figures.
【 ],[He did some of the manuscript,
【Korean】 you find Chun-Ping Li Liu is hh
】 【This means that you do not let me go to Chun-Ping Li, is not it mean?
【Korean】 not, to find Chun-Ping Li, Li Chunping give you this book to prove that on the line. because he had seen the original manuscript Chun-Ping Li, the original proof of your manuscript. Now he is not satisfied with these manuscripts prove that this is something that he later changed . Then you find a channel to issue the book to go.
Liu】 【I still have not hh, really do not want to, so I like to listen to you today to help me. You look at me than you it, but because you are in Beijing battles always such years, as you say we are inside the unit, so could you people doing things I have not much experience. So I want to hear that your experience I do, indeed, how I did not thought about how I have not thought about how to do this. I was simply too busy to think, the children had just finished the test, until recently I have been waiting for notice in July . I smoked have recently realistic, because the kids are all down notice.
【Korean】 fact, I think the key lies in Li Chunping there. In fact this book is not the key point is who changed Yeah, but is that it is changed to.
Liu】 【I know,
【Korean】 key to what is it? Li Chunping read the original book, but also know the process, and he is now on the rehabilitation of the hh he a judge, and his judgments, by which you share something back to the momentum.
Liu】 【I know, you say, I let Li Chunping prove, I think that this book, now you out of the book. So I feel satisfied with this book, is not it mean?
【Korean】 This is a drastic one approach, the most fiercely.
】 【Liu also, it is in.
【Korean】 I have hesitated a long time is not for you out of this move. This is a drastic approach. actually the most powerful of this approach. Because the book critical of plagiarism, as to say that plagiarism methods, which simply without proof. This need not prove that, I found him, I wrote him a number, which do not have to prove to you that he is a fake. a discerning eye to see that they are two (manuscript) of the relationship. you how perpetrating a fraud. You change there, is spoiled or changed into a classic, it is not important, is to prove that the book is plagiarism hh
Liu】 【Yes, as you say change is world famous plagiarism is, in essence, plagiarism.
【Korean】 pairs (change there) does not matter. In fact, who are not stupid, for instance, is the famous Dream of Red Mansions, China's greatest novel, but the Red Chamber by Golden Lotus effect is obvious, is not it, not to mention that thing was so obvious you.
】 【Liu me now, tell you the truth, I did not call no Chun-Ping Li Chun-Ping Li's EmMAIL, had never with his Korean】 【hh
you do not know their house?
Liu】 【I know his office.
【Korean】'll be OK, knowing that his office is not easier to handle.
【 ],[a comparison, and then give him the hh
Liu】 【so I was feeling that day, really, I saw that press conference I was very surprised on their own.
【Korean】 your example, you For example, that I was I was, strictly speaking, in fact, this move should not be out of the ah, but I think a bit hard on the conscience. For example you take the manuscript and this manuscript, you say change is good or bad is not that my original you Yes, I think this book speaks ill of you. Why, one, two, three results hh hh hh you say if from this point on the Li Chunping can tend to you.
】 【Liu I, generally it hh
【Korean】 Wang yuan this thing, this thing done, too much, this is not a man do. get him to play 10 hh
01:57:50 mm01: 59:40
Liu】 【last time you I finished with, said Wang Yuan's that fooled you, I have been back home is, I can not figure out, his face so deceived you, let you shop and go to the thing and knows it is to change people the manuscript, the results you go? I have been thought through.
【Korean】 I operate this thing, let me work. let me when he said a lot of operational reasons. because I am both of you the details of cooperation I do not know, contradictions do not understand, he gave me about some things. He said he is looking for you first talk to you, give you the money you give me the actual hh that and then that money does not matter hh. Then Let me, finding people. and then I find people do not feel right, does not feel right up to withdrawal, and quickly dismissed.
】 【Liu is not the last time you said that he also gives you a little money up, change the manuscript .
【Korean】, etc. So, I did not hh hh tantamount to the guy.
Liu】 【Yeah, people got?
【Korean】 people that staff did not do a good job, had said What changed, in fact, not changed, then hh, etc. So I made a thankless thing on both sides.
Liu】 【equal to that person and he has not seen?
【Korean】 The 对.
【】 Liu did not let that person you meet him, only the manuscript to the man?
【Korean】 Yes, yes, people say that after reading the manuscript is very good, you still want me to change it? < br> Liu】 【man doing it? is writing for the?
【Korean】 Military Writer, Military Writer.
01:59:58 mm02: 03:40
【Korean】 So I think a man and women to consider things may be different. I believe that to me or I put up, I want to move hit his three-inch hh
Liu】 【If you, What would you court?
【Korean】 play case, this case is very involved energy, what is the purpose of litigation you? not that your argument What should also. If you still have to be a fair if hh
Liu】 【Yes, definitely have to repay a statement. < br> 【Korean】 Yes, but also a saying, do not want other issues to a direct question the results. because the mm is not important to you this book, but his conduct has hurt you, you did mm what I said right? of this kind of thing Tingduo hh and you want to know what the result is Yes, you can let him give you money. The holding him to you, because China is now the law hh
hh
【Korean】 So, I think, I think, you start to find the money on, start with the money to get it back on.
】 【Liu you mean I find him? he will not. like you say he So sharp.
【Korean】 not, start looking for money, there are many on the way, I want to get back is my reward, if not, if they are not paid, how I would do with his very detailed That kind of thing, then if he still hh then you take the next step.
Liu】 【But you knew that the old South Korea, what is this thing called the law?
【Korean】 before resorting to force is tantamount to ah. < br> Liu】 【call this a legal blackmail. know. I do not know the law understand (how many).
【Korean】 that I do not understand, how is it blackmail?
【Liu 】 law is such that I raised with you as long as a sum of money, and then say you do not give me the money if I how and how, this is called blackmail. This is the definition.
【Korean】 not, but His definition is that it is blackmail. but I was back Yes I deserve a reward.
Liu】 【Yes, and units for example, I dispute the hh
【Korean】 not, your book I wrote, more than 20 million words, I created my own cost back how it is called blackmail?
Liu】 【I'm not writing fees. how do I call work? you are not hired me to create Members, this is what hh
【Korean】 not know the word I said and see how that appropriate, how to say the most close to your situation.
Liu】 【because it was the hh
【Korea 】 In fact, I understand that this is not just a cost of creation, he violated your copyright, in fact. I do not know how the contract you signed.
02:12:44 mm02: 16:30
Liu】 【hh but sometimes you think I am old, you say this is true? we go out mm, such as the old Han you have told me so much, I feel that this is true?
【Korean】 If you do not experience these things, I tell you, you may not believe, right?
Liu】 【Yes.
【Korean】 may not believe you.
Liu】 【Yes, if the Without this experience, probably like you said, why do you remind me or do not have that sense of mm. because truly I tell you, like us, grew up in an intellectual family grew up, never say, in addition to culture Revolution may have not seen this, is the person to do so. I always incredible, that is, that this right, too much bile. I think he'll come when you write, re-write, I do not view . is like you said, would rather do this thing, do not write, no problem. Then, look now, this structure, paragraphs, it is not moving to the former head structure to the structure of all later structures, chapter even if you said I move that this chapter which are not.
【Korean】 enough so as infringement, and in accordance with the law books that must
】 【Liu Yes.
【Korean】 has infringed.
】 【Liu was sure that this is not hh
【Korean】 Look Quanliquanwai, GJM that plagiarism, plagiarism GJM way I want to be very high, br> Liu】 【Yes, but people still on it.
【Korean】 right, so this is not a minor issue can not be resolved. you either are looking for a peaceful, settlement purposes. purpose is clear: back their losses. or what is my loss, I have ignored, is selling the children to buy the steamer, do not fight children Zhengkou Qi. the focus to your own. So I said, one is this way, the other is hh I spoke very understand.
Liu】 【ah, I know you said that. because I tell the truth, said this month ah hh
【Korean】 because you can see Chun-Ping Li, and something with the global view, then, in the interview which he was understanding of Wang Yuan, and for your understanding, not the same, certainly not the same. because you give people a kind of literary ambience, culture, books of things, but also that species is very delicate thing, what kind of euphemism, or the kind of things, the nature of things hh he could feel it. people are feeling, he will have feelings, he will feel.
【Liu 】 I actually should be hh
【Korean】 then you can say: This book is already a bestseller, if unchecked, to you who this person is to fight hh Why fight for a reputation. It has is a lot of things as a model for generations. then this book may also reprint, you can not discredit you allowed such a thing. You can compare the two most clearly compared to you, those things are good, those who slander or yellow, or creating a bad impact. I mean what is it original, this is a drastic push approach.
02:26:55 mm02: 29:03
】 【Liu for him, just know your first was a woman; second, he knows I usually do not fight, what if a bit small I always take a step back, because from childhood by the influence of this culture thing; the third effort he knew I did not, he usually also understand that I am her mother of cancer, hey, you son of the college entrance examination, or how anxious he was to catch fire, fire, a book at this time. So Haiyan Wu told me that he was anxious to have to give the fire the fire on June 10 out. so I do not understand why, you want to change your manuscript to him in May when it?
【Korean】 May it is.
】 【Liu, right?
【Korean】 me he is looking for four months behind I think this thing a bit wrong, then how come he do not know who to turn to.
】 【Liu said that so hasty, if you think about this time mm, Wu Haiyan look at this read the manuscript for two months,
【Korean】 Wu Haiyan, who is?
Liu】 【Zebian.
【Korean】 Oh.
】 【Liu looked for two months, she was seriously to change, inside a typo ah, what mm has not changed or clean. because I am typing clerical error rate more that five strokes. And I think there is a computer, for example, I hit will be a I generally finished on the special tired, tired of their not particularly like to watch, I said you gave me, put a few special places that are easy to tell her the wrong.
【Korean】 I was all remind you, that day I said to write all day light where? light to climb on the computer can not. Then you said you almost six hours a day writing. At that time I told you, the money was on a good thing. you Press this thing into something wrong, that publishers are not run. because I can only say this step. because I do not understand your ways, he told me to write you a month to several thousand dollars, is one such.
Liu】 【it because after all, lie is a lie, you said you gave me money, you give a proof of the total.
【Korean】 He must also hate what I hate like, I hate what he hates to children, he said many times that let me write to him, I would not on this child.
02:31:20 mm02: 34:32
Li Chunping this thing, I really do not know is so a pool of troubled waters. If you did not hit me that day, this thing would pass. In fact, I had wanted to give you a call, but do not know how, but also not say so
Liu】 【I just saw this book, when did not look. then bought a book, they said Acknowledgement you, I looked at the postscript, the first is what you see is the name. Then, looking through the front mm
【Korean】 financial wisdom of his people, he put all the people of the Ming Hsieh Ming Hsieh, and then, he may, he is not this a little conscience? because Here he helped me a lot of busy, because the billion of all things, fame and fortune he is not give up. and he is afraid of people know that I have something hh
Liu】 【fact, because to do this book, but later had little cracks in the inside. What rift? just written the first draft of my time, publishers in particular satisfaction, he let me hard, I'm going some place that I can not change your mind can not proceed to write, this is one of the . As for the second, probably over the eleven, my child was sick,
【Korean】 to move are some of his son, he would allow you to change, nothing can be changed to have to be changed, finally you quit, even if his manuscript. I once had a script, I say you do not tell me how to change it, I said why do you not tell me how to change the place hh
Liu】 【Yes, but then I also angry. I said: Wang Yuan I tell you, since it is cooperation, I am not your editor, how to change it to how you make change? This change was to change it up, I'm the main author is.
【Korean】 his will achieve this goal, so you changed to endure the trouble to give up.
02:52:22 mm02: 53:58
【Korean】 You have to remember this, that you're looking for Li Chunping two points, he did not care much, he has more money do not care about money, he is the reputation, the reputation of before and after death. This book has given you in his lifetime adverse effects, entry point, this is a starting point. The second , entry point is a process. should insist on quality and elegance, this book of the many. and then you give another example, the original and now the things that make him to identify. that they do not know if you want to appreciation of the arts to find a person, or who knows ...
Monday, December 27, 2010
British History (1)
A Brief History of the Mediterranean Iberian
BC British people, BAK people, Celtic, has come to South East of England, British .1-5 century the Roman Empire. Rome after the withdrawal of northern Europe, the Anglo- people, Saxons, Jutes have been invaded and settled in the formation of the feudal system .7 century, and many small countries into seven kingdoms, for hegemony over 200 years, the Wessex King of England .8 Aigebote end of the century was unified Danish invasion, from 1016 to 1042 as part of the Danish Viking empire. followed by the short reign of King, 1066 .1215, Duke of Normandy conquered England in crossing King John was forced to sign Magna Carta, kingship was inhibited .1338 to 1453 in the British and French for bourgeois revolution .1649 announced on May 19 for the Republic of .1660 in the Restoration, in 1668 occurred in the half of half of the 19th century, became the first country to complete the Industrial Revolution .19 century is the heyday of the British Empire in 1914 occupied a large colonial home 111 times more than was the first colonial power, claiming to be empire the sun never sets. Special Act, was forced to admit its dominion in the internal affairs and foreign policy of independence, the colonial system from the British Empire, shaken. the Second World War greatly weakened the economic strength and political status declined. As of 1947 India and Pakistan have independence, to the 60 years, the British Empire In 1973 the collapse of the colonial system in January to join the EC.
m Anglo-Saxon the British
(Britannia, Gukaierte language, means , the British Empire, the island in the southern region of more than
hui gradually disappearing completely, but Jesus (Jesus) to eventually replace the Caesar (Caesar, the title of Roman emperor), a time of warlords
side by side, you Changba me play, choose and yell a few hundred years later, in 1066 Christmas Westminster
(Westminster Abbey, Westminster Abbey through translated, the main church in London, Newton, Darwin, etc.
Name buried here per capita), with Duke William of Normandy (William of Normandy, the conqueror:
nickname the Middle Ages. So, people of Anglo-Saxon period mm 7 countries do not have detailed knowledge of how
it? This paper discusses the seven countries during this period a number of circumstances.
one thread times:
1, the prehistoric period: People for the island's earliest inhabitants of Britain know very little about (the earliest human fossils
Britain appeared 25 million years ago, 5000 BC, the end of the Quaternary Ice Age, sea level rise, the British Lantau Island
be), but these residents in the Stone Hungerford (Stonehenge, circular stone structure) and aphthous Burleigh (Avebury)
Stonehenge, the legacy of the early history of the island have proved inhabitants developed a considerable degree of civilization
(Megalith Culture, rock civilization, from North Africa, are found in Spain, France and West Germany, and
the British Isles), they were now in the Bronze Age culture period. < br> 2, Celtic period: then leaves in the early 5th century BC, the first Boston (there are four main department
down: blog to keep people / Silures occupy Wales, Durham Noni people / Domnonii occupied the southwest of England, Kent
people / Canti occupied southeast England, Ai Xini people Iceni occupied East of England) to iron on the European continent when
generation of culture to the island. (in fact, in the year 7-6 century before, Britain has emerged in the southern part of the Hallstatt
to civilization, is the early Iron Age. The civilization throughout the then Western and Central Europe, its name comes from German, refers to a system of long sword iron
)
3, Roman conquest: 54 years BC, Caesar (Julius Caesar, Roman general)
through the English Channel, the Celtics were on the island several wars of conquest, the general view The purpose is to prevent Caesar
the Celtics to their first island conquered Gaul (Gaul) area intrusion. AD 43, Roman Emperor Claudius Sejdiu
Adams (Claudius, interpreter Claudio) once again the British military forces, and in today's London and Colchester
(Colchester, northeast of London harbor) to establish a military base, to 85 AD, the Roman Empire in the British territory on the
Clay had been extended to the south of the river. Romans conquered the British Isles in the early stages, the Celtics started a
series of uprisings against the Romans, most notably Bodika uprising (Boudicca, Kyle The BRIDGE special people
swallow / Briton Queen, Ai Xini Pula Soutar Gus King / Prasutagus wife. launched against Rome in AD 60 the emperor Nero
independence movement, was captured in London. times uprising failed, she was trying to escape), but because the Romans
bloody crackdown failed. 2nd century AD, the Roman emperor Hadrian (Hadrian) ordered in the northern part of the British Isles
built a well-known Hadrian's Wall mm military defense, the purpose is to prevent the northern Picts
(Pict, invasion
slightly. Roman rule, towns developed in the British Isles, and in order to ensure the smooth conduct of military operations and the construction of the road network
put up town after another, these roads are England land transport infrastructure .
who also established the Roman Colchester, Lincoln (Lincoln), and Gloria Chester (Gloucester) (also the most important is
York / York City, was called 埃布拉库姆/ Ebracum) to accommodate veterans of these colonies.
this time period, under Roman rule, Britain and continental Europe, other parts of the empire has frequent trade
mm grape wine, olive oil, imported pottery and furniture as bulk cargo, while the British lead, tin, iron, wheat and sheep wool is prevailing throughout the continent
, but the trade with the late Roman Empire and the Roman legions in the recession World
century AD the early withdrawal of 5 Britain and the decline.
4, Anglo-Saxon period mm: With the withdrawal of the Roman army, barbarian people of Britain the Roman intrusion
more and more frequently, AD 410, the leg to stand on the Roman Empire, Rome refused to aid of Britain (AD 410
, the Visigoth king Alaric / Alaric captured Rome), Rome officials then left the British, so in
5 half-century Germanic tribes which have flooded into Britain mm Anglo-Saxon mm, respectively (from now northwest Germany and the Netherlands
), and Jutes (Jute, from the Jutland Peninsula / Jutland). The Germans defeated the local Department of
down Celtic who defeated the Celtics, and fled to Wales now
Cornwall, southwest England (Cornwall) area, some of them also crossed the English Channel to Brittany in France now
( Bretagne) of residence. as the victors of the Anglo-Saxons, and Jutes mm gradually formed a seven
small country, they are Saxon Sussex (Sussex, Sussex (Essex,
Anglo (The original Celtic
local residents, They
is the Kingdom of Wessex, Alfred the Great (Alfred the Great) defeated and forced to set
home in eastern England down. this area because of the Danish law known as the Danish Act area, the head of the Danish people to the land divided
soldiers. Alfred the Great's successor after a fierce battle, finally conquered the Danish jurisdictions, the unification of the British Grand
. However the Danes in the late 10th century England again started aggression, Kanoute Great (Knut the
Great) in 1016 conquered the whole of England, and ruled until 1042. Subsequently, the Wessex dynasty
of Edward the Confessor ( Edward the Confessor) resumed the interrupted line Saxon king, as Duke of Normandy, France William Snow
in 1066 in the Hastings battle, the Anglo-Saxon times, the final end of mm.
Second, the Anglo- mm Saxon social profile:
early Germanic invaders, the Freedmen higher position than the serfs, but all dependent on the king. With few
century after the war and farming, most of the Freedmen or pressured to become a serf, or attached to the nobility and gentry
lord. nobles lords and gentry classes are privileged class who, through allegiance to the king, received from the King of
in the territory, and own territory to exercise a greater degree of autonomy.
mm Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the government is meeting evolved from the tribal leaders, the king has a kingdom
administrative and judicial powers, the aristocracy is composed of the King consultant meetings to assist national policy dealing with the king. King will be
County areas for the Kingdom of the basic administrative unit, by the Earl of governance, in some cases, these positions into the World
count will hit, managing a few counties. county administrative units below the county, the county and the county have their own courts, the county court of law and order by the judge in charge of the county
, long in charge of the county court by the county.
mm in the Anglo-Saxon times, agriculture is the first industry, but the invading Danes are active traders,
in the 9th century, the importance of the town began to increase.
mm Anglo-Saxons and Rome in Ireland under the influence of missionaries sent, and began Christianity of the
process. but the Irish and continental religious ritual almost led to the difference in the division of British Christian,
this great differences in the 663 years (some say 664 AD) in Whitby ( Whitby) religious meeting finally got
resolved. At the same time, the monastery became the Anglo-Saxon cultural center mm, where the exquisite handmade
the known, in addition, the Church scholars mm Bede (Bede of Jarrow ,673-735, the Saxon monk
), Al Qin (Alcuin, Northumbria people) and Alfred the Great also for the preservation and development of knowledge and
best.
England Three Kingdoms period (AD 800 before and after):
England, one of seven nations mm Kent
blog about the Kingdom of the 5th century invasion of England by the Germanic tribes in the Jutes established. Off < br> in the establishment of the kingdom, historians still argue, according to tradition, in 449 AD, the Jutes drop in its head the Department of
Hungars and Hossa led by two brothers, in the southern coastal areas of England landing, they are set by the local cloth
swallow people invited to come and help local people to resist aggression in northern Picts. Soon after, Hungars and his son Esk
immediately turned around and tips , and invited them to come to the fight with the leader of Brythonic roots were falling out, Jutes are
quickly defeated the locals, and roughly equivalent to the area today, Kent United Kingdom to establish the Kingdom of Kent. < br> Robert Eitel Kent Kingdom of England to dominate in the late 6th century, the hegemony of the range he is said to have been extended to the area south of the river Po Hang
. In 597, Robert Eitel reception in its capital of Canterbury Pope Gregory in Rome
envoys sent by the missionary St. Augustine, and under the influence of St. Augustine, was baptized into the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
mm in the first king to accept Christianity.
But in the next few centuries, Kent Kingdom national recession, periodically as the Messiah and the Kingdom of the Kingdom of Wei Seke
conquered Sri Lanka and divided, eventually becoming the latter half of the 8th century king of the Olympic Development Great Messiah a province under the rule of
copies. Austria made the Great died in 796 Kent broke out in revolt against the Messiah, but was brutally suppressed.
825 AD, when the Kingdom of Kent was Wessex King Egbert conquered, forced to admit the King of Wessex
right, then the kingdom of Kent became part of Wessex.
Although Kent began in the 8th century the tide of Danish invasion, as one of the areas most affected, but
Kent in England before the Norman Conquest is still the most economically developed regions, because the Archbishop of Canterbury District
presence in the area, making a large pool of wealth in the name of religion in the area the other hand, Kent and continental Europe maintained close ties
mm religious, political, economic, and cultural.
Seven Notes of the Second of England East Anglia mm
East Anglia is the Anglo 5 mm end of the century Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Ye Jianli, its territory roughly equivalent to the current UK
Norfolk and Suffolk County, the Anglo people from Scandinavia and Northern Germany to
area. The early history of the Kingdom of vague, but the bulk of the territory is located in the Kingdom among the marshes, making it more favorable at
in a defensive position, this factor so that the Kingdom of East Anglia in the 6th century last years become the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms mm
a power.
the king of East Anglia, Norwich Reed Ward (who died about 627 AD) to succeed Robert Kent Ertl
become the overlord of southern England, Edwin Reed Ward has helped the king of Northumbria defeated Egypt
Myrtle Everett, and Edwin board to the throne of the Kingdom of Northumbria . but East Anglia's leading position in the Kingdom of the Messiah Kingdom
With the rise was weakened. AD 650 years later, East Anglia became the Kingdom of Christ
the Kingdom of the long-term vassal state. AD 825, East Anglia in King Egbert of Wessex launched the assistance of the Kingdom of the Messiah
uprising, although they then get rid of the Messiah's rule, but reduced to Wessex Alex's client
country. more bad things coming up, 865 mm866 winter, the Danes invaded England in the territory of the Kingdom of East Anglia
winter, 869 years, returns to old haunt Danes, This time, they can no longer be a short stay, they conquered the whole East Anglia
Kingdom, Denmark, destroyed the monastery in the Kingdom, and the murder of East Anglia's
young king mm Saints Edmund.
9 70 century when Alfred the Great of Wessex defeated the Danes and Danish forces in eastern England
Portland area to live in Denmark and France, Anglo Eastern Australia through the Wessex and the Danes in 886 years and about to become Dan
a part of wheat jurisdictions. But Denmark and France area and later the Danes soon resurface, not only to help the Vikings invaded
slightly Wessex, also continue to harassment of the kingdom. eventually the elderly Edward King of Wessex conquered
in 917 jurisdictions in Denmark, the unification of England, and since then has become East Anglia England, a territory of the count.
Chi seven countries of England, three mm
Northumbria Northumbria is to establish the Anglo-Anglo-Saxon kingdom mm, which was originally a small kingdom
by two independent components , the two small kingdoms to Judith River as the border. which is a small independent kingdom of Bern West Asia, which covers the territory of today's East
Scotland, England, Bo Weike, Roxburgh, the East Northern Bria and Durham to
area. Another is a small independent kingdom la, its territory, including today's Yorkshire in northern England and East
regions, these two kingdoms are the Anglo- in AD 500 when built. the existing history of
some rare material recorded during the mid-6th century, the king of the Ada West Berne, Eric de la king is (or Ella).
Bern Ertl Fleet King West (reign 593-616) merged the two small kingdoms
Bria Northern Kingdom, and increased after the reunification of the Kingdom of Scotland and Wales territory, but Eitel Fleet was defeated
Edwin de la, and was replaced. Edwin accepted Christianity in 627 and established a
Northumbria in England's hegemony, but unfortunately not good times often in 632, Edwin was the Welsh kingdom of the Kingdom of Gwen
Ned King 卡德瓦尔隆 killed and the kingdom is Christ the King Penda's alliance against the Northumbria. After After the chaos of a
years, the throne of Northumbria Oswald West Asia by the Berne obtained
Aidan St Oswald invited to Celtic Christian missionary work, however, Austria Svalbard Field was the Messiah Penda killed. Following
bearing succession of King Oswald as a Aoxi Wu (reign 641-670), and Ecker Griffith (reign of < br> between 670-685), during this period, the gradual decline of Northumbria's strength, on the contrary, the messianic kingdom
is flourishing national strength. However, Aoxi Wu still claim the credit in the religious, His religious meeting in Whitby
Roman Christian would have established a Celtic Christian church leadership.
7 Century 8 Century leaves and late period of the Kingdom of Northumbria in the strife for a long time in politics , strife, discord, but the kingdom of the Church, the arts, academic, literature is in a golden age of .867, the invasion of Denmark
wheat capital of the kingdom in Northumbria York won, they occupied the southern part of the Kingdom, the Anglo Nuosen Bu
Maria Judith River were only able to control the north of the Firth of Forth to the south of a small kingdom.
Denmark Kanu Te Tai Dili, after conquering the whole of England , set in the Danish Earl of Northumbria, the Danes count in order to die
1055 West Watt is the most powerful years. But people have Northumbria in 1065 to West Watt's heir Tuo Siti
cell expulsion position, CT was the Messiah Santos Edwin Earl's brother Mo Kaer replaced in 1066, Toth Harold Lustig
in Norway. Harder Lada accompanied back to Northumbria, and in the Battle of Sherlock defeated Mount Crawford
Carl and Edwin, then, has just won the throne of England, Harold II, rushed to the north, defeated Santos
Teague and Hudson Lada. However, the mantis stalks the cicada, oriole in the post, Duke William of Normandy Harold back and forth to seize the levy
war, exhausted the weaknesses in the south of England Hastings, Harold defeated, ending the era of Anglo-mm spread
Dixon.
blog of the seven countries of England four mm Christ
Christ is Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by the Anglo-mm, and its roughly equivalent to the current territory of the UK Midlands
. The kingdom of about AD 500 established, but its early history is not
Please vague, and only to the reign of King Penda, the Messiah it became clear the history.
Peng of the Messiah's sphere of influence extended to Wessex (645) and East Anglia (650),
Po River to the south of Hangzhou as overlord of England. Penda died, the hegemony of the Messiah within the 3-year slump, in this
period, the Kingdom of Northumbria sent a missionary to the Kingdom of Christ converted to Christianity, but the children Penda Hull re-established sub-Woolf
a more powerful messianic kingdom .8 century, Eitel Archibald King for the Mersey
Asia, the whole of southern England are all Christ's sphere of influence . Messiah made the hegemony of the Austrian Emperor (reign
757-796 years) reached its peak, his control of East Anglia, Kent, Sussex, and forced Weise Ke
Sri Lanka and Northumbria surrender his relationship maintained. Austria made the Great West of the Kingdom of Messiah is still the Austrian Development
western Great Wall to protect against intrusion into Welsh.
Olympic Development the Great died, the gradual decline of the hegemony of the Messiah, and its hegemony replaced by the Wessex. When 9
century king Egbert of Wessex defeated the Messiah, the Messiah was briefly recognition of the sovereign to
Wessex bit, but in 874, when the Danes invaded serious damage to the Messiah, the Messiah
shame to give in Denmark, their eastern Wessex by 886 Alex and Danish peace, Denmark became an integral part of jurisdictions
points, compared to the western region of Wessex Alfred the Great control, thus, the historical declaration of the independence of the Messiah beam end
, although it as the Earl of Wessex, a territory of the Kingdom of the time, there have been a noble Countess Eight
Silver Ryder. her husband died, trying to help as the king of Wessex brother against the Danes won the title of Mrs. Farmer
West.
England five mm of the seven countries chi
Essex Essex is established Anglo-Saxon mm Saxon kingdom, it may be in the early 6th century AD, built
established. the kingdom royal ancestors can be traced back to the continent of Europe by Germans revered god Woden (Odin), which is the other Anglo-Saxon mm claimed by the rulers of the Kingdom. < br> Essex covers the territory of the Kingdom of England is now Essex County, Middlesex County, Hartford County, most of
Germany and London. Around 604, King of Essex Seibert, in his uncle the king of Egypt
Kent mm under the influence of Albert Venter, accepted Christianity. but he died, following the expulsion from the King to the bishop of London Merry
Tucci, Kingdom was quickly resumed the pagan beliefs. However, in 653, and King Albert Youxiang Northumbria
Sigma King Ao Siwei offered to send missionaries to preach their own request, to the Essex Ao Siwei Sri Lanka sent a Seder, Seder
to Essex again believe in the Christian and the church was established in the territory of the Kingdom. In Woolf King
Hull for the Messiah during the recognition of Essex suzerainty of the Messiah, from Essex, began to dominate the calendar
surrounding the history of power.
825 years, Essex, and other eastern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of one mm, subservient to the king of Wessex
States, and as Earl of Wessex, a territory of .886 in Wessex and the Danes and about, making the Essex area
Slovakia became a part of Denmark and France, but in 917 years recovery of the elderly Edward King of Wessex.
Earl of Essex Earl of territory is the Bildt, the most famous Knott, Maier in his 991-year battle in the east killed.
England Six mm Seven Notes Sussex Sussex
is established Anglo-Saxon mm Saxon kingdom today its territory south of the British East
Weald area to the south. Sussex kingdom established in the late 5th century (According to tradition, in 477
), whose founder is a Saxon chief Ella, who defeated the Celtics in several battles and established a
a short period of military hegemony.
early, but the people of this country know almost nothing about the history of 200 years, 7 end of the century, the kingdom or
paganism, until the Bishop of York 圣威尔弗里德 mission in the Kingdom (681 -686 years), only to make people believe in the Kingdom
Christianity.
685-688 years, the king of Wessex conquered Wallachia Card Sussex, and later in the Walla Card Nepal king
's because during the reign of Sussex continue to submit to Wessex .771 years, the Messiah of the Austrian Emperor has sent
will include neighboring countries, including the conquest of the Kingdom of Sussex From then until 825, Sussex has been in Asia under the rule of the Mersey
.825 years, and other East Sussex Anglo-Saxon kingdom of a mm, to submit to
Seck Wei Si King Egbert.
Chi seven countries of England by seven mm
Wessex Wessex was established in Anglo-Saxon mm Saxon kingdom, it might
495 led by Dick Russell established under the Saxons, led by the clan he allegedly Hampshire coast today landed. to the grandson of Dick Russell
Severin (reign 560-593), the Saxon settlements were scattered Tang Shan
Hill vein, the Celtics were the original inhabitants of the Saxons from the upper reaches of the River Thames and Severn River valley area between the
expelled, but I have been Saxon exile Severin .
leaves until the 8th century when the Kingdom of Wessex has been in power, first under the shadow of Kent mm, then the promise
Sunbridge Maria, the last are the Messiah. But this period also Wessex not without a king Card Walla
(reign 685-688) on the neighboring countries several successful campaigns for his successor to the west of Nepal on the one hand the Brythonic
expansion of the territory of one kingdom, on the one hand to force Kent tribute. because of Nepal after the death of Wessex into a state of chaos
.
until the time is king Egbert (802-239), Wei Seke Sri Lanka's national power once again revive them, he became a full
the sovereign of England, but his successor was forced to give up a large part of hegemony in order to concentrate on defense Danish
invasion. to the rule of Alfred the Great When the history of Wessex and England's history linked to the elderly Edward
10 century, Eitel Stein, Edmund, Ed Reed have been the king of Wessex, the Wessex Gradually
Lakes area, including Denmark and France, including the whole of England to establish a solid rule. But the rule of King Edgar calm
, the new king Ertl Red (reign 978-1016 years) can no longer resist the invasion of the Vikings,
Viking chief Kanoute Danes in England to establish the rule (1016-1042 years). Kanoute family death led to the elimination
penitent Edward of England's last king, Department of the king of Wessex (1042-1066). With the Norman conquest
, Wessex no longer a political concept, and become a geographical concept, it generally refers to the current UK multi-county special plug
.
history of England England's main island of
m there very early human activities on the island of Britain, the island's residents to create five thousand years ago, Fernando Bristol in southern England plain stone circle as the representative of the splendid culture.
according to some historians say, about 1 million years ago to live in a nomadic Central Asian patrilineal clan groups split around 4000 BC, a dongqian support to Xinjiang to establish a number of small kingdoms, such as the Han Dynasty Loulan; south of the one off the ancient India; westward of a into Iran, the more famous is the ancient Persian and Medes; moved north to a is the ancestor of the Germanic people.
by Europeans in modern scientific research leading position in medium to long term, they are Europeans, the European geography and history to create a historical term for the center, so bring a large number of historical terms emotional Europeans, such as the peninsula of Asia Minor, Palestine around East Asia to be at distance from Europe known as the called reason for this, > 2000-1500 BC, the ancient Indo-European people of a mm Celtics (The Romans called it as Gaul) going west, 1200-1000 BC, in Celtic continued to force the Germans to the west of Britain Island. in their residence on the island before the Picts, the capital of the Picts is Scone Palace, the historic center is called the Scots, the palace of ; destined to rock, until after the Norman Conquest, the Kingdom of Scotland still Pickett.
55 BC and 54 years, rates of the Roman Caesar British military expedition to the island, in Boston, said the yield after a certain retreat. AD 43 years, the Romans set in the British Isles province, the British Isles is divided into military zones (north-west mountain) and the Administrative Region (southeast plains) in two parts. Romans actually only administrative control of the north and west of Scotland Wales still in the hands of the Celtics, who often revolted against Roman rule, the Romans had built to guard against them, the control of Britain, the Romans began to withdraw troops from 407 to 442 years all get away, ending 400 years of British rule. Celtics obtained political independence, the establishment of a number of small principalities, the Principality of In order to battle over turf between the weakened its own strength, for the alien invasion provides a good opportunity.
in the British Isles on the mainland opposite the southern Jutland Peninsula, home to Anglo, Zhu mentioned the northern peninsula of people, the Saxons living in the Elbe and the Weser River area, they are a branch of the Germanic people. Anglo-Saxon people and the close is difficult to distinguish between language and customs, history, collectively known as the Anglo-b-Saxon, Anglo-Saxons is a target b Hillman lowest level among the primitive tribes of Rome, starting from the third century AD, they were pirates on the harassment of the British. In order to prepare them, the Romans along the southeast coast of the West from the shuttle Lent to establish a fort and houses an observation deck, with the army against them, the band known as the moved to Britain when they move across the sea.
Kent area when the British Isles, a Celtic tribal leaders estate Tiji Lun ...
BC British people, BAK people, Celtic, has come to South East of England, British .1-5 century the Roman Empire. Rome after the withdrawal of northern Europe, the Anglo- people, Saxons, Jutes have been invaded and settled in the formation of the feudal system .7 century, and many small countries into seven kingdoms, for hegemony over 200 years, the Wessex King of England .8 Aigebote end of the century was unified Danish invasion, from 1016 to 1042 as part of the Danish Viking empire. followed by the short reign of King, 1066 .1215, Duke of Normandy conquered England in crossing King John was forced to sign Magna Carta, kingship was inhibited .1338 to 1453 in the British and French for bourgeois revolution .1649 announced on May 19 for the Republic of .1660 in the Restoration, in 1668 occurred in the half of half of the 19th century, became the first country to complete the Industrial Revolution .19 century is the heyday of the British Empire in 1914 occupied a large colonial home 111 times more than was the first colonial power, claiming to be empire the sun never sets. Special Act, was forced to admit its dominion in the internal affairs and foreign policy of independence, the colonial system from the British Empire, shaken. the Second World War greatly weakened the economic strength and political status declined. As of 1947 India and Pakistan have independence, to the 60 years, the British Empire In 1973 the collapse of the colonial system in January to join the EC.
m Anglo-Saxon the British
(Britannia, Gukaierte language, means , the British Empire, the island in the southern region of more than
hui gradually disappearing completely, but Jesus (Jesus) to eventually replace the Caesar (Caesar, the title of Roman emperor), a time of warlords
side by side, you Changba me play, choose and yell a few hundred years later, in 1066 Christmas Westminster
(Westminster Abbey, Westminster Abbey through translated, the main church in London, Newton, Darwin, etc.
Name buried here per capita), with Duke William of Normandy (William of Normandy, the conqueror:
nickname the Middle Ages. So, people of Anglo-Saxon period mm 7 countries do not have detailed knowledge of how
it? This paper discusses the seven countries during this period a number of circumstances.
one thread times:
1, the prehistoric period: People for the island's earliest inhabitants of Britain know very little about (the earliest human fossils
Britain appeared 25 million years ago, 5000 BC, the end of the Quaternary Ice Age, sea level rise, the British Lantau Island
be), but these residents in the Stone Hungerford (Stonehenge, circular stone structure) and aphthous Burleigh (Avebury)
Stonehenge, the legacy of the early history of the island have proved inhabitants developed a considerable degree of civilization
(Megalith Culture, rock civilization, from North Africa, are found in Spain, France and West Germany, and
the British Isles), they were now in the Bronze Age culture period. < br> 2, Celtic period: then leaves in the early 5th century BC, the first Boston (there are four main department
down: blog to keep people / Silures occupy Wales, Durham Noni people / Domnonii occupied the southwest of England, Kent
people / Canti occupied southeast England, Ai Xini people Iceni occupied East of England) to iron on the European continent when
generation of culture to the island. (in fact, in the year 7-6 century before, Britain has emerged in the southern part of the Hallstatt
to civilization, is the early Iron Age. The civilization throughout the then Western and Central Europe, its name comes from German, refers to a system of long sword iron
)
3, Roman conquest: 54 years BC, Caesar (Julius Caesar, Roman general)
through the English Channel, the Celtics were on the island several wars of conquest, the general view The purpose is to prevent Caesar
the Celtics to their first island conquered Gaul (Gaul) area intrusion. AD 43, Roman Emperor Claudius Sejdiu
Adams (Claudius, interpreter Claudio) once again the British military forces, and in today's London and Colchester
(Colchester, northeast of London harbor) to establish a military base, to 85 AD, the Roman Empire in the British territory on the
Clay had been extended to the south of the river. Romans conquered the British Isles in the early stages, the Celtics started a
series of uprisings against the Romans, most notably Bodika uprising (Boudicca, Kyle The BRIDGE special people
swallow / Briton Queen, Ai Xini Pula Soutar Gus King / Prasutagus wife. launched against Rome in AD 60 the emperor Nero
independence movement, was captured in London. times uprising failed, she was trying to escape), but because the Romans
bloody crackdown failed. 2nd century AD, the Roman emperor Hadrian (Hadrian) ordered in the northern part of the British Isles
built a well-known Hadrian's Wall mm military defense, the purpose is to prevent the northern Picts
(Pict, invasion
slightly. Roman rule, towns developed in the British Isles, and in order to ensure the smooth conduct of military operations and the construction of the road network
put up town after another, these roads are England land transport infrastructure .
who also established the Roman Colchester, Lincoln (Lincoln), and Gloria Chester (Gloucester) (also the most important is
York / York City, was called 埃布拉库姆/ Ebracum) to accommodate veterans of these colonies.
this time period, under Roman rule, Britain and continental Europe, other parts of the empire has frequent trade
mm grape wine, olive oil, imported pottery and furniture as bulk cargo, while the British lead, tin, iron, wheat and sheep wool is prevailing throughout the continent
, but the trade with the late Roman Empire and the Roman legions in the recession World
century AD the early withdrawal of 5 Britain and the decline.
4, Anglo-Saxon period mm: With the withdrawal of the Roman army, barbarian people of Britain the Roman intrusion
more and more frequently, AD 410, the leg to stand on the Roman Empire, Rome refused to aid of Britain (AD 410
, the Visigoth king Alaric / Alaric captured Rome), Rome officials then left the British, so in
5 half-century Germanic tribes which have flooded into Britain mm Anglo-Saxon mm, respectively (from now northwest Germany and the Netherlands
), and Jutes (Jute, from the Jutland Peninsula / Jutland). The Germans defeated the local Department of
down Celtic who defeated the Celtics, and fled to Wales now
Cornwall, southwest England (Cornwall) area, some of them also crossed the English Channel to Brittany in France now
( Bretagne) of residence. as the victors of the Anglo-Saxons, and Jutes mm gradually formed a seven
small country, they are Saxon Sussex (Sussex, Sussex (Essex,
Anglo (The original Celtic
local residents, They
is the Kingdom of Wessex, Alfred the Great (Alfred the Great) defeated and forced to set
home in eastern England down. this area because of the Danish law known as the Danish Act area, the head of the Danish people to the land divided
soldiers. Alfred the Great's successor after a fierce battle, finally conquered the Danish jurisdictions, the unification of the British Grand
. However the Danes in the late 10th century England again started aggression, Kanoute Great (Knut the
Great) in 1016 conquered the whole of England, and ruled until 1042. Subsequently, the Wessex dynasty
of Edward the Confessor ( Edward the Confessor) resumed the interrupted line Saxon king, as Duke of Normandy, France William Snow
in 1066 in the Hastings battle, the Anglo-Saxon times, the final end of mm.
Second, the Anglo- mm Saxon social profile:
early Germanic invaders, the Freedmen higher position than the serfs, but all dependent on the king. With few
century after the war and farming, most of the Freedmen or pressured to become a serf, or attached to the nobility and gentry
lord. nobles lords and gentry classes are privileged class who, through allegiance to the king, received from the King of
in the territory, and own territory to exercise a greater degree of autonomy.
mm Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the government is meeting evolved from the tribal leaders, the king has a kingdom
administrative and judicial powers, the aristocracy is composed of the King consultant meetings to assist national policy dealing with the king. King will be
County areas for the Kingdom of the basic administrative unit, by the Earl of governance, in some cases, these positions into the World
count will hit, managing a few counties. county administrative units below the county, the county and the county have their own courts, the county court of law and order by the judge in charge of the county
, long in charge of the county court by the county.
mm in the Anglo-Saxon times, agriculture is the first industry, but the invading Danes are active traders,
in the 9th century, the importance of the town began to increase.
mm Anglo-Saxons and Rome in Ireland under the influence of missionaries sent, and began Christianity of the
process. but the Irish and continental religious ritual almost led to the difference in the division of British Christian,
this great differences in the 663 years (some say 664 AD) in Whitby ( Whitby) religious meeting finally got
resolved. At the same time, the monastery became the Anglo-Saxon cultural center mm, where the exquisite handmade
the known, in addition, the Church scholars mm Bede (Bede of Jarrow ,673-735, the Saxon monk
), Al Qin (Alcuin, Northumbria people) and Alfred the Great also for the preservation and development of knowledge and
best.
England Three Kingdoms period (AD 800 before and after):
England, one of seven nations mm Kent
blog about the Kingdom of the 5th century invasion of England by the Germanic tribes in the Jutes established. Off < br> in the establishment of the kingdom, historians still argue, according to tradition, in 449 AD, the Jutes drop in its head the Department of
Hungars and Hossa led by two brothers, in the southern coastal areas of England landing, they are set by the local cloth
swallow people invited to come and help local people to resist aggression in northern Picts. Soon after, Hungars and his son Esk
immediately turned around and tips , and invited them to come to the fight with the leader of Brythonic roots were falling out, Jutes are
quickly defeated the locals, and roughly equivalent to the area today, Kent United Kingdom to establish the Kingdom of Kent. < br> Robert Eitel Kent Kingdom of England to dominate in the late 6th century, the hegemony of the range he is said to have been extended to the area south of the river Po Hang
. In 597, Robert Eitel reception in its capital of Canterbury Pope Gregory in Rome
envoys sent by the missionary St. Augustine, and under the influence of St. Augustine, was baptized into the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
mm in the first king to accept Christianity.
But in the next few centuries, Kent Kingdom national recession, periodically as the Messiah and the Kingdom of the Kingdom of Wei Seke
conquered Sri Lanka and divided, eventually becoming the latter half of the 8th century king of the Olympic Development Great Messiah a province under the rule of
copies. Austria made the Great died in 796 Kent broke out in revolt against the Messiah, but was brutally suppressed.
825 AD, when the Kingdom of Kent was Wessex King Egbert conquered, forced to admit the King of Wessex
right, then the kingdom of Kent became part of Wessex.
Although Kent began in the 8th century the tide of Danish invasion, as one of the areas most affected, but
Kent in England before the Norman Conquest is still the most economically developed regions, because the Archbishop of Canterbury District
presence in the area, making a large pool of wealth in the name of religion in the area the other hand, Kent and continental Europe maintained close ties
mm religious, political, economic, and cultural.
Seven Notes of the Second of England East Anglia mm
East Anglia is the Anglo 5 mm end of the century Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Ye Jianli, its territory roughly equivalent to the current UK
Norfolk and Suffolk County, the Anglo people from Scandinavia and Northern Germany to
area. The early history of the Kingdom of vague, but the bulk of the territory is located in the Kingdom among the marshes, making it more favorable at
in a defensive position, this factor so that the Kingdom of East Anglia in the 6th century last years become the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms mm
a power.
the king of East Anglia, Norwich Reed Ward (who died about 627 AD) to succeed Robert Kent Ertl
become the overlord of southern England, Edwin Reed Ward has helped the king of Northumbria defeated Egypt
Myrtle Everett, and Edwin board to the throne of the Kingdom of Northumbria . but East Anglia's leading position in the Kingdom of the Messiah Kingdom
With the rise was weakened. AD 650 years later, East Anglia became the Kingdom of Christ
the Kingdom of the long-term vassal state. AD 825, East Anglia in King Egbert of Wessex launched the assistance of the Kingdom of the Messiah
uprising, although they then get rid of the Messiah's rule, but reduced to Wessex Alex's client
country. more bad things coming up, 865 mm866 winter, the Danes invaded England in the territory of the Kingdom of East Anglia
winter, 869 years, returns to old haunt Danes, This time, they can no longer be a short stay, they conquered the whole East Anglia
Kingdom, Denmark, destroyed the monastery in the Kingdom, and the murder of East Anglia's
young king mm Saints Edmund.
9 70 century when Alfred the Great of Wessex defeated the Danes and Danish forces in eastern England
Portland area to live in Denmark and France, Anglo Eastern Australia through the Wessex and the Danes in 886 years and about to become Dan
a part of wheat jurisdictions. But Denmark and France area and later the Danes soon resurface, not only to help the Vikings invaded
slightly Wessex, also continue to harassment of the kingdom. eventually the elderly Edward King of Wessex conquered
in 917 jurisdictions in Denmark, the unification of England, and since then has become East Anglia England, a territory of the count.
Chi seven countries of England, three mm
Northumbria Northumbria is to establish the Anglo-Anglo-Saxon kingdom mm, which was originally a small kingdom
by two independent components , the two small kingdoms to Judith River as the border. which is a small independent kingdom of Bern West Asia, which covers the territory of today's East
Scotland, England, Bo Weike, Roxburgh, the East Northern Bria and Durham to
area. Another is a small independent kingdom la, its territory, including today's Yorkshire in northern England and East
regions, these two kingdoms are the Anglo- in AD 500 when built. the existing history of
some rare material recorded during the mid-6th century, the king of the Ada West Berne, Eric de la king is (or Ella).
Bern Ertl Fleet King West (reign 593-616) merged the two small kingdoms
Bria Northern Kingdom, and increased after the reunification of the Kingdom of Scotland and Wales territory, but Eitel Fleet was defeated
Edwin de la, and was replaced. Edwin accepted Christianity in 627 and established a
Northumbria in England's hegemony, but unfortunately not good times often in 632, Edwin was the Welsh kingdom of the Kingdom of Gwen
Ned King 卡德瓦尔隆 killed and the kingdom is Christ the King Penda's alliance against the Northumbria. After After the chaos of a
years, the throne of Northumbria Oswald West Asia by the Berne obtained
Aidan St Oswald invited to Celtic Christian missionary work, however, Austria Svalbard Field was the Messiah Penda killed. Following
bearing succession of King Oswald as a Aoxi Wu (reign 641-670), and Ecker Griffith (reign of < br> between 670-685), during this period, the gradual decline of Northumbria's strength, on the contrary, the messianic kingdom
is flourishing national strength. However, Aoxi Wu still claim the credit in the religious, His religious meeting in Whitby
Roman Christian would have established a Celtic Christian church leadership.
7 Century 8 Century leaves and late period of the Kingdom of Northumbria in the strife for a long time in politics , strife, discord, but the kingdom of the Church, the arts, academic, literature is in a golden age of .867, the invasion of Denmark
wheat capital of the kingdom in Northumbria York won, they occupied the southern part of the Kingdom, the Anglo Nuosen Bu
Maria Judith River were only able to control the north of the Firth of Forth to the south of a small kingdom.
Denmark Kanu Te Tai Dili, after conquering the whole of England , set in the Danish Earl of Northumbria, the Danes count in order to die
1055 West Watt is the most powerful years. But people have Northumbria in 1065 to West Watt's heir Tuo Siti
cell expulsion position, CT was the Messiah Santos Edwin Earl's brother Mo Kaer replaced in 1066, Toth Harold Lustig
in Norway. Harder Lada accompanied back to Northumbria, and in the Battle of Sherlock defeated Mount Crawford
Carl and Edwin, then, has just won the throne of England, Harold II, rushed to the north, defeated Santos
Teague and Hudson Lada. However, the mantis stalks the cicada, oriole in the post, Duke William of Normandy Harold back and forth to seize the levy
war, exhausted the weaknesses in the south of England Hastings, Harold defeated, ending the era of Anglo-mm spread
Dixon.
blog of the seven countries of England four mm Christ
Christ is Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by the Anglo-mm, and its roughly equivalent to the current territory of the UK Midlands
. The kingdom of about AD 500 established, but its early history is not
Please vague, and only to the reign of King Penda, the Messiah it became clear the history.
Peng of the Messiah's sphere of influence extended to Wessex (645) and East Anglia (650),
Po River to the south of Hangzhou as overlord of England. Penda died, the hegemony of the Messiah within the 3-year slump, in this
period, the Kingdom of Northumbria sent a missionary to the Kingdom of Christ converted to Christianity, but the children Penda Hull re-established sub-Woolf
a more powerful messianic kingdom .8 century, Eitel Archibald King for the Mersey
Asia, the whole of southern England are all Christ's sphere of influence . Messiah made the hegemony of the Austrian Emperor (reign
757-796 years) reached its peak, his control of East Anglia, Kent, Sussex, and forced Weise Ke
Sri Lanka and Northumbria surrender his relationship maintained. Austria made the Great West of the Kingdom of Messiah is still the Austrian Development
western Great Wall to protect against intrusion into Welsh.
Olympic Development the Great died, the gradual decline of the hegemony of the Messiah, and its hegemony replaced by the Wessex. When 9
century king Egbert of Wessex defeated the Messiah, the Messiah was briefly recognition of the sovereign to
Wessex bit, but in 874, when the Danes invaded serious damage to the Messiah, the Messiah
shame to give in Denmark, their eastern Wessex by 886 Alex and Danish peace, Denmark became an integral part of jurisdictions
points, compared to the western region of Wessex Alfred the Great control, thus, the historical declaration of the independence of the Messiah beam end
, although it as the Earl of Wessex, a territory of the Kingdom of the time, there have been a noble Countess Eight
Silver Ryder. her husband died, trying to help as the king of Wessex brother against the Danes won the title of Mrs. Farmer
West.
England five mm of the seven countries chi
Essex Essex is established Anglo-Saxon mm Saxon kingdom, it may be in the early 6th century AD, built
established. the kingdom royal ancestors can be traced back to the continent of Europe by Germans revered god Woden (Odin), which is the other Anglo-Saxon mm claimed by the rulers of the Kingdom. < br> Essex covers the territory of the Kingdom of England is now Essex County, Middlesex County, Hartford County, most of
Germany and London. Around 604, King of Essex Seibert, in his uncle the king of Egypt
Kent mm under the influence of Albert Venter, accepted Christianity. but he died, following the expulsion from the King to the bishop of London Merry
Tucci, Kingdom was quickly resumed the pagan beliefs. However, in 653, and King Albert Youxiang Northumbria
Sigma King Ao Siwei offered to send missionaries to preach their own request, to the Essex Ao Siwei Sri Lanka sent a Seder, Seder
to Essex again believe in the Christian and the church was established in the territory of the Kingdom. In Woolf King
Hull for the Messiah during the recognition of Essex suzerainty of the Messiah, from Essex, began to dominate the calendar
surrounding the history of power.
825 years, Essex, and other eastern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of one mm, subservient to the king of Wessex
States, and as Earl of Wessex, a territory of .886 in Wessex and the Danes and about, making the Essex area
Slovakia became a part of Denmark and France, but in 917 years recovery of the elderly Edward King of Wessex.
Earl of Essex Earl of territory is the Bildt, the most famous Knott, Maier in his 991-year battle in the east killed.
England Six mm Seven Notes Sussex Sussex
is established Anglo-Saxon mm Saxon kingdom today its territory south of the British East
Weald area to the south. Sussex kingdom established in the late 5th century (According to tradition, in 477
), whose founder is a Saxon chief Ella, who defeated the Celtics in several battles and established a
a short period of military hegemony.
early, but the people of this country know almost nothing about the history of 200 years, 7 end of the century, the kingdom or
paganism, until the Bishop of York 圣威尔弗里德 mission in the Kingdom (681 -686 years), only to make people believe in the Kingdom
Christianity.
685-688 years, the king of Wessex conquered Wallachia Card Sussex, and later in the Walla Card Nepal king
's because during the reign of Sussex continue to submit to Wessex .771 years, the Messiah of the Austrian Emperor has sent
will include neighboring countries, including the conquest of the Kingdom of Sussex From then until 825, Sussex has been in Asia under the rule of the Mersey
.825 years, and other East Sussex Anglo-Saxon kingdom of a mm, to submit to
Seck Wei Si King Egbert.
Chi seven countries of England by seven mm
Wessex Wessex was established in Anglo-Saxon mm Saxon kingdom, it might
495 led by Dick Russell established under the Saxons, led by the clan he allegedly Hampshire coast today landed. to the grandson of Dick Russell
Severin (reign 560-593), the Saxon settlements were scattered Tang Shan
Hill vein, the Celtics were the original inhabitants of the Saxons from the upper reaches of the River Thames and Severn River valley area between the
expelled, but I have been Saxon exile Severin .
leaves until the 8th century when the Kingdom of Wessex has been in power, first under the shadow of Kent mm, then the promise
Sunbridge Maria, the last are the Messiah. But this period also Wessex not without a king Card Walla
(reign 685-688) on the neighboring countries several successful campaigns for his successor to the west of Nepal on the one hand the Brythonic
expansion of the territory of one kingdom, on the one hand to force Kent tribute. because of Nepal after the death of Wessex into a state of chaos
.
until the time is king Egbert (802-239), Wei Seke Sri Lanka's national power once again revive them, he became a full
the sovereign of England, but his successor was forced to give up a large part of hegemony in order to concentrate on defense Danish
invasion. to the rule of Alfred the Great When the history of Wessex and England's history linked to the elderly Edward
10 century, Eitel Stein, Edmund, Ed Reed have been the king of Wessex, the Wessex Gradually
Lakes area, including Denmark and France, including the whole of England to establish a solid rule. But the rule of King Edgar calm
, the new king Ertl Red (reign 978-1016 years) can no longer resist the invasion of the Vikings,
Viking chief Kanoute Danes in England to establish the rule (1016-1042 years). Kanoute family death led to the elimination
penitent Edward of England's last king, Department of the king of Wessex (1042-1066). With the Norman conquest
, Wessex no longer a political concept, and become a geographical concept, it generally refers to the current UK multi-county special plug
.
history of England England's main island of
m there very early human activities on the island of Britain, the island's residents to create five thousand years ago, Fernando Bristol in southern England plain stone circle as the representative of the splendid culture.
according to some historians say, about 1 million years ago to live in a nomadic Central Asian patrilineal clan groups split around 4000 BC, a dongqian support to Xinjiang to establish a number of small kingdoms, such as the Han Dynasty Loulan; south of the one off the ancient India; westward of a into Iran, the more famous is the ancient Persian and Medes; moved north to a is the ancestor of the Germanic people.
by Europeans in modern scientific research leading position in medium to long term, they are Europeans, the European geography and history to create a historical term for the center, so bring a large number of historical terms emotional Europeans, such as the peninsula of Asia Minor, Palestine around East Asia to be at distance from Europe known as the called reason for this, > 2000-1500 BC, the ancient Indo-European people of a mm Celtics (The Romans called it as Gaul) going west, 1200-1000 BC, in Celtic continued to force the Germans to the west of Britain Island. in their residence on the island before the Picts, the capital of the Picts is Scone Palace, the historic center is called the Scots, the palace of ; destined to rock, until after the Norman Conquest, the Kingdom of Scotland still Pickett.
55 BC and 54 years, rates of the Roman Caesar British military expedition to the island, in Boston, said the yield after a certain retreat. AD 43 years, the Romans set in the British Isles province, the British Isles is divided into military zones (north-west mountain) and the Administrative Region (southeast plains) in two parts. Romans actually only administrative control of the north and west of Scotland Wales still in the hands of the Celtics, who often revolted against Roman rule, the Romans had built to guard against them, the control of Britain, the Romans began to withdraw troops from 407 to 442 years all get away, ending 400 years of British rule. Celtics obtained political independence, the establishment of a number of small principalities, the Principality of In order to battle over turf between the weakened its own strength, for the alien invasion provides a good opportunity.
in the British Isles on the mainland opposite the southern Jutland Peninsula, home to Anglo, Zhu mentioned the northern peninsula of people, the Saxons living in the Elbe and the Weser River area, they are a branch of the Germanic people. Anglo-Saxon people and the close is difficult to distinguish between language and customs, history, collectively known as the Anglo-b-Saxon, Anglo-Saxons is a target b Hillman lowest level among the primitive tribes of Rome, starting from the third century AD, they were pirates on the harassment of the British. In order to prepare them, the Romans along the southeast coast of the West from the shuttle Lent to establish a fort and houses an observation deck, with the army against them, the band known as the moved to Britain when they move across the sea.
Kent area when the British Isles, a Celtic tribal leaders estate Tiji Lun ...
Sunday, December 26, 2010
Zhou step to stand on the export of Chinese Culture Bottleneck laugh!
Zhou comedy culture began to lead the South Jedi fight back!
Marco Polo in China, Europe, China, mm!
Click to enter Zhou Kan laugh
glance, Zhou three decades of performances, suddenly felt an immediate ON: This guy claims to Shanghai to the Shanghai Youth comedian, not that a Chinese version of the famed European and American political talk shows? We finally have a laugh and international standards forums Wizards! You see him standing alone on stage , laughing Kan three decades of political and social situation short length, actually a serious topic can speak of a sudden and devastating wit, but also amused Yang backward before people can not but say that ability is not small! As a ticket 380 and often out of stock of the DVD disc, the rage, but his description of the auxiliary.
Zhou in southern China, especially in the global attention of the international metropolis Shanghai rise, which in itself is a great symbol of cultural symbols . In a sense, he further points to the bottleneck of China's cultural exports laugh, smile for the Chinese cultural performances and even opened up a new channel. that he is led by a Southern culture of the Jedi fight back laughter can never be too!
both East and West, both past and present human civilization can not get rid of a cruel civilization or cultural subversion law. That is: despite the culture of the South is leading to a period of time, but the Northern Culture has always played the role of conqueror, a rather again and again to counterattack on the southern culture, time and again stepped on the foot of the Southern culture.
climate more suitable for geographical reasons, the South is more suitable for events of early human civilization. where the culture of an early start, he has been a leading status. Unfortunately, when the South through the accumulation of hundreds of years, it will breed corruption and ugly, and eventually become fragile. China Southern Tang and Song Dynasty, Europe, ancient Rome, has been synonymous with extravagance and dissipation. with the South again and again in the final pleasure in the crazy style sink, again and again the northern iron heel of the brutal trampling. In China, the most prominent representative is dominating the north, once the backward state of Qin, the eventual reunification of China. and in China is the most brutal was the rise of the Mongols and Manchus, twice in the Han ethnic essence and blood away, the easy to occupy the land of China. and in Europe, it is the rise of Greek civilization before the Romans destroyed, ancient Rome is such as the destruction of the Germanic barbarians. today's Europe and the western world is the British establishment, under the halo of the modern democratic system.
what seemed to be a special case in China. to continue to conquer the South in the North Meanwhile, the Chinese dynasties addition of a special phenomenon. peasant uprising often seen the impact of the city from the countryside. encircling the cities from rural areas who control the password, who can accomplish the imperial hegemony. in the agricultural economy dominated era This is an irresistible law of nature. But in the modern market economy and increasingly as the main urban civilization today, this can be a time back there, but it will never become mainstream.
from one, said Zhao The success is also surrounded by the city belongs to the rural style, but also backward regions in northern high culture culture is a challenge. Of course, this is big step toward China's reform and opening up a special case. Zhao and small Shenyang is not unpopular in the South behind, that is, you do not buy the kind of rural Southern culture and characteristics of awareness of the kind of criticism on account of farmers. South, not only in the South, all China needs a judge the achievements of contemporary civilization, art forms, to meet more people and more elegant aesthetic needs.
this time, just accounted Zhou front.
Some people say Shanghai's economic development, but the lack of culture, no culture or Shanghai. these words have a certain sense.'s Fujian Province in southern China , Guangdong, Hong Kong and other developed areas and even less so. However, if careful analysis, you will find this statement does not hold. not the economic base determines the superstructure it? economic development reaches a certain level, will inevitably bring about cultural follow-up, even with the support of major developments. that culture itself is not economically developed regions, is a performance without culture. Shanghai lacks the kind of feudal rural parents in short, that no culture of Shanghai is probably the farmers or scholars of the cultural level of farmers!
Marco Polo in China, Europe, China, mm!
Click to enter Zhou Kan laugh
glance, Zhou three decades of performances, suddenly felt an immediate ON: This guy claims to Shanghai to the Shanghai Youth comedian, not that a Chinese version of the famed European and American political talk shows? We finally have a laugh and international standards forums Wizards! You see him standing alone on stage , laughing Kan three decades of political and social situation short length, actually a serious topic can speak of a sudden and devastating wit, but also amused Yang backward before people can not but say that ability is not small! As a ticket 380 and often out of stock of the DVD disc, the rage, but his description of the auxiliary.
Zhou in southern China, especially in the global attention of the international metropolis Shanghai rise, which in itself is a great symbol of cultural symbols . In a sense, he further points to the bottleneck of China's cultural exports laugh, smile for the Chinese cultural performances and even opened up a new channel. that he is led by a Southern culture of the Jedi fight back laughter can never be too!
both East and West, both past and present human civilization can not get rid of a cruel civilization or cultural subversion law. That is: despite the culture of the South is leading to a period of time, but the Northern Culture has always played the role of conqueror, a rather again and again to counterattack on the southern culture, time and again stepped on the foot of the Southern culture.
climate more suitable for geographical reasons, the South is more suitable for events of early human civilization. where the culture of an early start, he has been a leading status. Unfortunately, when the South through the accumulation of hundreds of years, it will breed corruption and ugly, and eventually become fragile. China Southern Tang and Song Dynasty, Europe, ancient Rome, has been synonymous with extravagance and dissipation. with the South again and again in the final pleasure in the crazy style sink, again and again the northern iron heel of the brutal trampling. In China, the most prominent representative is dominating the north, once the backward state of Qin, the eventual reunification of China. and in China is the most brutal was the rise of the Mongols and Manchus, twice in the Han ethnic essence and blood away, the easy to occupy the land of China. and in Europe, it is the rise of Greek civilization before the Romans destroyed, ancient Rome is such as the destruction of the Germanic barbarians. today's Europe and the western world is the British establishment, under the halo of the modern democratic system.
what seemed to be a special case in China. to continue to conquer the South in the North Meanwhile, the Chinese dynasties addition of a special phenomenon. peasant uprising often seen the impact of the city from the countryside. encircling the cities from rural areas who control the password, who can accomplish the imperial hegemony. in the agricultural economy dominated era This is an irresistible law of nature. But in the modern market economy and increasingly as the main urban civilization today, this can be a time back there, but it will never become mainstream.
from one, said Zhao The success is also surrounded by the city belongs to the rural style, but also backward regions in northern high culture culture is a challenge. Of course, this is big step toward China's reform and opening up a special case. Zhao and small Shenyang is not unpopular in the South behind, that is, you do not buy the kind of rural Southern culture and characteristics of awareness of the kind of criticism on account of farmers. South, not only in the South, all China needs a judge the achievements of contemporary civilization, art forms, to meet more people and more elegant aesthetic needs.
this time, just accounted Zhou front.
Some people say Shanghai's economic development, but the lack of culture, no culture or Shanghai. these words have a certain sense.'s Fujian Province in southern China , Guangdong, Hong Kong and other developed areas and even less so. However, if careful analysis, you will find this statement does not hold. not the economic base determines the superstructure it? economic development reaches a certain level, will inevitably bring about cultural follow-up, even with the support of major developments. that culture itself is not economically developed regions, is a performance without culture. Shanghai lacks the kind of feudal rural parents in short, that no culture of Shanghai is probably the farmers or scholars of the cultural level of farmers!
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
Lecture class meeting
Today I talk about a problem: the problem is that our values.
Night last night I finished reading your weekly reports, weekly everyone is touched me, because the students have reviewed our most recent past struggling hard Yong The first experience of war, a profound understanding of the confidence to be successful in the truth, but I do not want to repeat the content of today, I just want to tell you that a problem: we more than three months, doing everything, including those we continue to win first place in the end is to What? in the end we worked so hard to come by these So he is a good person to society, others (future generations) will also acknowledge him, learning him, follow him, remember him, flat faint if a person came to this world, living a life of obscurity, then unknown to leave, and no one has anything to do, are not helpful to others, has no contribution to the collective, and thus no one recalls him, miss him, then he came to this world and not to any difference?
So I say, we passed hard work, others are not very hard at the time, easily won the championship, we won the accident, causing other people's awareness and attention, prompting everyone to learn to focus on us, imitating us and endeavor to exceed our (of course we are not afraid of someone is to treat our dishonest means), and we are constantly to be more standardized height and direction, to achieve new results further, resulting in constant competition to quietly change the surrounding environment, so that the whole environment becomes better, and even our habits become all the standards, and that our contribution is not it? because we have become standard practice, has become standard, or as the model, not to prove that we do right? we look back, our pursuit of perfection again Guangbo Cao formation was not some joke about us? But then? We do not become the school's standards it? our daily hard reading the morning, full of shadow that we read in English, not being widely praised by the school do?
why should we fight everywhere to play the lead role? It is because we, as future leaders in Xinjiang, is it not to have the The quality? We must walk in front of the masses, like in their head, do what they set an example ah. If everything behind us, our future leaders how to do it? how to make people believe that we? Do we inept to do Hunguan, corrupt officials do it? is not a matter of fact we have to show off to others a high everywhere, mainly because we think it is right, the direction, while others do not do or not do it, so we on the firm to do, we do, the leadership gradually been recognized by students and teachers, so they rallied together and began to follow suit, and this is natural. When the one thing needed to do, and the lack of leader's is often the phenomenon of cold field will appear, and some public occasions, mostly neglecting the things happened in this case, so we want to reduce the herd mentality as negative, have a clear right and wrong, that is resolutely to do it right, as long as is right, do not wait for the command, not to ridicule by others and do not understand the obstacles. we do, often became the first, in fact, generated a lot of the first is so.
So, today I want to say is: We won the first correct understanding of the value of our miracle, we are setting standards, we have to let their actions become a habit, become the standard classes in Xinjiang, and thus become the standard grade strive to become the school's standards, it is best to become the standard in Shanghai, if there is a miracle, then, to strive to become the national standard!
Nothing is impossible to a willing mind; not impossible, just think, What is the last national Xinjiang students work conference, we've been through the class meeting, so that part of the country's president and other leaders of Xinjiang Classes initial experience of our real situation, this is one of us out of Jiading, out of Shanghai, the first step toward the country, as long as we have enough self-confidence, as long as our attention to detail, hard work, not afraid of hard work, courage the first fight, then it may realize their dreams. because the road is traveled, the great figures are from the extraordinary step by step out of childhood , great work is a composition of an ordinary word, the great scientist who is also from a letter, from the beginning to learn the simple calculation, each person in the creation of history, everyone on the stage in life performance, as we have a starting line, why not believe they can get first? In fact, the mentality of the first fight with courage is the key to success, an even fight the first people who did not mind, how His desire to work hard to be hard won it!, how to convince the government to a township, a county, or give him an area management, where he can make people rich and happy do?
This is I kept asking everyone want to fight the first fight's sake, this is the reason we have to do to go all out, and this is one that we won the first value!
I have been said a word: success is your The failure is mine, what does that mean? bold to say you do, do not be afraid of failure, as long as the failure of responsibility on me, and be paid a fee now, but if successful, will be encouraged to be all the more full of self-confidence, so I said, the result is your success, and once failed, a little Do not be discouraged, it is because I have not fully prepared for you, your conditions are not met, rather than your ability, I believe everyone's efforts will be rewarded, the success belongs to those who keep making progress!
I'm still the same: to do it first, second, we should not, because we do not care the second, but as for the others to not give our first First, that is their thing, we just sprint towards it wants the first!
Night last night I finished reading your weekly reports, weekly everyone is touched me, because the students have reviewed our most recent past struggling hard Yong The first experience of war, a profound understanding of the confidence to be successful in the truth, but I do not want to repeat the content of today, I just want to tell you that a problem: we more than three months, doing everything, including those we continue to win first place in the end is to What? in the end we worked so hard to come by these So he is a good person to society, others (future generations) will also acknowledge him, learning him, follow him, remember him, flat faint if a person came to this world, living a life of obscurity, then unknown to leave, and no one has anything to do, are not helpful to others, has no contribution to the collective, and thus no one recalls him, miss him, then he came to this world and not to any difference?
So I say, we passed hard work, others are not very hard at the time, easily won the championship, we won the accident, causing other people's awareness and attention, prompting everyone to learn to focus on us, imitating us and endeavor to exceed our (of course we are not afraid of someone is to treat our dishonest means), and we are constantly to be more standardized height and direction, to achieve new results further, resulting in constant competition to quietly change the surrounding environment, so that the whole environment becomes better, and even our habits become all the standards, and that our contribution is not it? because we have become standard practice, has become standard, or as the model, not to prove that we do right? we look back, our pursuit of perfection again Guangbo Cao formation was not some joke about us? But then? We do not become the school's standards it? our daily hard reading the morning, full of shadow that we read in English, not being widely praised by the school do?
why should we fight everywhere to play the lead role? It is because we, as future leaders in Xinjiang, is it not to have the The quality? We must walk in front of the masses, like in their head, do what they set an example ah. If everything behind us, our future leaders how to do it? how to make people believe that we? Do we inept to do Hunguan, corrupt officials do it? is not a matter of fact we have to show off to others a high everywhere, mainly because we think it is right, the direction, while others do not do or not do it, so we on the firm to do, we do, the leadership gradually been recognized by students and teachers, so they rallied together and began to follow suit, and this is natural. When the one thing needed to do, and the lack of leader's is often the phenomenon of cold field will appear, and some public occasions, mostly neglecting the things happened in this case, so we want to reduce the herd mentality as negative, have a clear right and wrong, that is resolutely to do it right, as long as is right, do not wait for the command, not to ridicule by others and do not understand the obstacles. we do, often became the first, in fact, generated a lot of the first is so.
So, today I want to say is: We won the first correct understanding of the value of our miracle, we are setting standards, we have to let their actions become a habit, become the standard classes in Xinjiang, and thus become the standard grade strive to become the school's standards, it is best to become the standard in Shanghai, if there is a miracle, then, to strive to become the national standard!
Nothing is impossible to a willing mind; not impossible, just think, What is the last national Xinjiang students work conference, we've been through the class meeting, so that part of the country's president and other leaders of Xinjiang Classes initial experience of our real situation, this is one of us out of Jiading, out of Shanghai, the first step toward the country, as long as we have enough self-confidence, as long as our attention to detail, hard work, not afraid of hard work, courage the first fight, then it may realize their dreams. because the road is traveled, the great figures are from the extraordinary step by step out of childhood , great work is a composition of an ordinary word, the great scientist who is also from a letter, from the beginning to learn the simple calculation, each person in the creation of history, everyone on the stage in life performance, as we have a starting line, why not believe they can get first? In fact, the mentality of the first fight with courage is the key to success, an even fight the first people who did not mind, how His desire to work hard to be hard won it!, how to convince the government to a township, a county, or give him an area management, where he can make people rich and happy do?
This is I kept asking everyone want to fight the first fight's sake, this is the reason we have to do to go all out, and this is one that we won the first value!
I have been said a word: success is your The failure is mine, what does that mean? bold to say you do, do not be afraid of failure, as long as the failure of responsibility on me, and be paid a fee now, but if successful, will be encouraged to be all the more full of self-confidence, so I said, the result is your success, and once failed, a little Do not be discouraged, it is because I have not fully prepared for you, your conditions are not met, rather than your ability, I believe everyone's efforts will be rewarded, the success belongs to those who keep making progress!
I'm still the same: to do it first, second, we should not, because we do not care the second, but as for the others to not give our first First, that is their thing, we just sprint towards it wants the first!
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